Characterizing spring phenology in a temperate deciduous urban woodland fragment: trees and shrubs. 2024

Alison Donnelly, and Rong Yu, and Chloe Rehberg, and Mark D Schwartz
Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA. alison.c.donnelly@gmail.com.

Phenological research in temperate-deciduous forests typically focuses on upper canopy trees, due to their overwhelming influence on ecosystem productivity and function. However, considering that shrubs leaf out earlier and remain green longer than trees, they play a pivotal role in ecosystem productivity, particularly at growing season extremes. Furthermore, an extended growing season of non-native shrubs provides a competitive advantage over natives. Here, we report spring phenology, budburst, leaf-out, and full-leaf unfolded (2017-2021) of a range of co-occurring species of tree (ash, American basswood, red oak, white oak, and boxelder) and shrub (native species: chokecherry, pagoda dogwood, nannyberry, American wild currant and Eastern wahoo, and non-native species: buckthorn, honeysuckle, European privet, and European highbush cranberry) in an urban woodland fragment in Wisconsin, USA, to determine how phenology differed between plant groups. Our findings show that all three spring phenophases of shrubs were 3 weeks earlier (p < 0.05) than trees. However, differences between shrubs groups were only significant for the later phenophase; full-leaf unfolded, which was 6 days earlier (p < 0.05) for native shrubs. The duration of the spring phenological season was 2 weeks longer (p < 0.05) for shrubs than trees. These preliminary findings demonstrate that native shrubs, at this site, start full-leaf development earlier than non-native species suggesting that species composition must be considered when generalizing whether phenologies differ between vegetation groups. A longer time series would be necessary to determine future implications on ecosystem phenology and productivity and how this might impact forests in the future, in terms of species composition, carbon sequestration, and overall ecosystem dynamics.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002947 Cities A large or important municipality of a country, usually a major metropolitan center. Municipalities,Towns
D012621 Seasons Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Seasonal Variation,Season,Seasonal Variations,Variation, Seasonal,Variations, Seasonal
D014197 Trees Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches. Tree
D014922 Wisconsin State bounded on the north by Lake Superior and Michigan, on the east by Lake Michigan, on the south by Illinois and Iowa, and on the west by Minnesota and Iowa.
D058865 Introduced Species Non-native organisms brought into a region, habitat, or ECOSYSTEM by human activity. Alien Species,Invasive Species,Alien Specy
D018515 Plant Leaves Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed) Plant Leaf,Leaf, Plant,Leave, Plant,Leaves, Plant,Plant Leave
D065928 Forests An ecosystem dominated by trees and other woody vegetation. Forested Areas,Forestlands,Woodland,Area, Forested,Areas, Forested,Forest,Forested Area,Forestland,Woodlands

Related Publications

Alison Donnelly, and Rong Yu, and Chloe Rehberg, and Mark D Schwartz
July 2020, Tree physiology,
Alison Donnelly, and Rong Yu, and Chloe Rehberg, and Mark D Schwartz
May 2019, Tree physiology,
Alison Donnelly, and Rong Yu, and Chloe Rehberg, and Mark D Schwartz
August 2020, Agricultural and forest meteorology,
Alison Donnelly, and Rong Yu, and Chloe Rehberg, and Mark D Schwartz
January 2014, Frontiers in plant science,
Alison Donnelly, and Rong Yu, and Chloe Rehberg, and Mark D Schwartz
February 2021, The Science of the total environment,
Alison Donnelly, and Rong Yu, and Chloe Rehberg, and Mark D Schwartz
March 2021, International journal of biometeorology,
Alison Donnelly, and Rong Yu, and Chloe Rehberg, and Mark D Schwartz
December 2023, The New phytologist,
Alison Donnelly, and Rong Yu, and Chloe Rehberg, and Mark D Schwartz
June 2003, Tree physiology,
Alison Donnelly, and Rong Yu, and Chloe Rehberg, and Mark D Schwartz
September 2006, Tree physiology,
Alison Donnelly, and Rong Yu, and Chloe Rehberg, and Mark D Schwartz
October 2016, International journal of biometeorology,
Copied contents to your clipboard!