Craniofacial bone anomalies related to cholesterol synthesis defects. 2024

Chihiro Iwaya, and Akiko Suzuki, and Junbo Shim, and Aemin Kim, and Junichi Iwata
Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Dentistry, 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.

DHCR7 and SC5D are enzymes crucial for cholesterol biosynthesis, and mutations in their genes are associated with developmental disorders, which are characterized by craniofacial deformities. We have recently reported that a loss of either Dhcr7 or Sc5d results in a failure in osteoblast differentiation. However, it remains unclear to what extent a loss of function in either DHCR7 or SC5D affects craniofacial skeletal formation. Here, using micro computed tomography (μCT), we found that the bone phenotype differs in Dhcr7-/- and Sc5d-/- mice in a location-specific fashion. For instance, in Sc5d-/- mice, although craniofacial bones were overall affected, some bone segments, such as the anterior part of the premaxilla, the anterior-posterior length of the frontal bone, and the main body of the mandible, did not present significant differences compared to WT controls. By contrast, in Dhcr7-/- mice, while craniofacial bones were not much affected, the frontal bone was larger in width and volume, and the maxilla and palatine bone were hypoplastic, compared to WT controls. Interestingly the mandible in Dhcr7-/- mice was mainly affected at the condylar region, not the body. Thus, these results help us understand which bones and how greatly they are affected by cholesterol metabolism aberrations in Dhcr7-/- and Sc5d-/- mice.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009139 Musculoskeletal Abnormalities Congenital structural abnormalities and deformities of the musculoskeletal system. Abnormalities, Musculoskeletal,Abnormality, Musculoskeletal,Musculoskeletal Abnormality
D002454 Cell Differentiation Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Differentiation, Cell,Cell Differentiations,Differentiations, Cell
D002784 Cholesterol The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. Epicholesterol
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D050356 Lipid Metabolism Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS. Metabolism, Lipid
D051379 Mice The common name for the genus Mus. Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus
D055114 X-Ray Microtomography X-RAY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY with resolution in the micrometer range. MicroCT,Microcomputed Tomography,X-Ray Micro-CAT Scans,X-Ray Micro-CT,X-Ray Micro-CT Scans,X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomography,X-Ray Microcomputed Tomography,X-ray MicroCT,Xray Micro-CT,Xray MicroCT,Micro-CAT Scan, X-Ray,Micro-CAT Scans, X-Ray,Micro-CT Scan, X-Ray,Micro-CT Scans, X-Ray,Micro-CT, X-Ray,Micro-CT, Xray,Micro-CTs, X-Ray,Micro-CTs, Xray,Micro-Computed Tomography, X-Ray,MicroCT, X-ray,MicroCT, Xray,MicroCTs,MicroCTs, X-ray,MicroCTs, Xray,Microcomputed Tomography, X-Ray,Microtomography, X-Ray,Scan, X-Ray Micro-CAT,Scan, X-Ray Micro-CT,Scans, X-Ray Micro-CAT,Scans, X-Ray Micro-CT,Tomography, Microcomputed,Tomography, X-Ray Micro-Computed,Tomography, X-Ray Microcomputed,X Ray Micro CAT Scans,X Ray Micro CT,X Ray Micro CT Scans,X Ray Micro Computed Tomography,X Ray Microcomputed Tomography,X Ray Microtomography,X ray MicroCT,X-Ray Micro-CAT Scan,X-Ray Micro-CT Scan,X-Ray Micro-CTs,X-ray MicroCTs,Xray Micro CT,Xray Micro-CTs,Xray MicroCTs

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