BACKGROUND Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) is used to evaluate glycemic control over a three-month period. Blood matrix-based HbA1C materials are needed for quality control and evaluation of HbA1C measurements. This study investigated the commutability of blood materials (BMs) and aimed to upgrade BMs for HbA1C testing for use as proficiency test (PT) material. METHODS We measured BMs from a DM blood donor (n = 1), an in vitro glycation procedure (n = 3), and from commercial sources (n = 2) for HbA1C in parallel with fresh unprocessed BMs (n = 3) and clinical blood samples (n = 25). Two NGSP-certified methods, including a turbidimetric and an enzymatic immunoassay, were used for HbA1C determinations. Commutability as investigated according to CLSI EP14-Ed4 guidelines. RESULTS The commutable BMs exhibited a mean paired difference of 0% to 9% when compared to reference methods, whereas the non-commutable BMs represented a mean paired difference of 3% to 11%. Fresh, unprocessed BMs with a low HbA1C of 6.0% were more commutable than BMs with a high HbA1C. The values of HbA1C in BMs (mean and uncertainty following ISO Guide 35 for RM production) were applied to upgrade the PT material to be used as a reference material. The relative uncertainty of BM-Ndm-1 and BM-Gcb-3 were 1 and 0.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The commutability of hemoglobin in BMs is dependent on the preparation process. Blood materials with a high HbA1C content are usually less commutable versus materials with low HbA1C content when prepared by the same process. Our study showed BMs can be successfully used as quality control or PT materials.