BIOMAT Database Logo BIOMAT Database Logo

Effect of reducing agents on oxidation-reduction potential and the outgrowth of Clostridium botulinum type E spores. 1979

M V Smith, and M D Pierson

Oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) levels were measured and standardized to pH (Eh7) for Trypticase soy broth containing various concentrations of reducing agents. Prereduced Trypticase soy broth with no added reducing agents exhibited a potential of -141 mV. Ascorbic acid at 0.2 to 0.005% and sodium thioglycolate at concentrations below 0.05% produced an Eh7 higher than the prereduced Trypticase soy broth containing no added reducing agents. The addition of cysteine hydrochloride,2-mercaptoethanol, and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate to prereduced Trypticase soy broth resulted in a reduction of Eh7 compared to the system without added reducing agents. The order of relative reducing intensity (from highest to lowest) for the reducing agents when comparing molar concentration was: sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate,2-mercaptoethanol, cysteine hydrochloride, sodium thioglycolate, and ascorbic acid. Optimal growth of the test organism occurred at low Eh7 and low concentration of the reducing agents. A direct correlation existed between growth of the test organism and -Eh7 x -log concentration of the reducing agent.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008623 Mercaptoethanol A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation. 2-ME,2-Mercaptoethanol,2 Mercaptoethanol
D010084 Oxidation-Reduction A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471). Redox,Oxidation Reduction
D003014 Clostridium botulinum A species of anaerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae that produces proteins with characteristic neurotoxicity. It is the etiologic agent of BOTULISM in humans, wild fowl, HORSES; and CATTLE. Seven subtypes (sometimes called antigenic types, or strains) exist, each producing a different botulinum toxin (BOTULINUM TOXINS). The organism and its spores are widely distributed in nature.
D003545 Cysteine A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE. Cysteine Hydrochloride,Half-Cystine,L-Cysteine,Zinc Cysteinate,Half Cystine,L Cysteine
D005557 Formaldehyde A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717) Formalin,Formol,Methanal,Oxomethane
D000693 Anaerobiosis The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed) Anaerobic Metabolism,Anaerobic Metabolisms,Anaerobioses,Metabolism, Anaerobic,Metabolisms, Anaerobic
D001205 Ascorbic Acid A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant. Vitamin C,Ascorbic Acid, Monosodium Salt,Ferrous Ascorbate,Hybrin,L-Ascorbic Acid,Magnesium Ascorbate,Magnesium Ascorbicum,Magnesium di-L-Ascorbate,Magnorbin,Sodium Ascorbate,Acid, Ascorbic,Acid, L-Ascorbic,Ascorbate, Ferrous,Ascorbate, Magnesium,Ascorbate, Sodium,L Ascorbic Acid,Magnesium di L Ascorbate,di-L-Ascorbate, Magnesium
D013171 Spores, Bacterial Heat and stain resistant, metabolically inactive bodies formed within the vegetative cells of bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium. Bacterial Spores,Bacterial Spore,Spore, Bacterial
D013864 Thioglycolates Organic esters of thioglycolic acid (HS-CH2COOH). Thioglycollates

Related Publications

M V Smith, and M D Pierson
Survival and outgrowth of Clostridium botulinum type E spores in smoked fish.
January 1968, Applied microbiology,
M V Smith, and M D Pierson
Effects of potassium sorbate and other antibotulinal agents on germination and outgrowth of Clostridium botulinum type E spores in microcultures.
November 1982, Applied and environmental microbiology,
M V Smith, and M D Pierson
Effect of sodium chloride and pH on the outgrowth of spores of type E Clostridium botulinum at optimal and suboptimal temperatures.
January 1966, Applied microbiology,
M V Smith, and M D Pierson
The effect of oxygen on the germination and outgrowth of Clostridium butyricum spores and changes in the oxidation-reduction potential of cultures.
June 1974, The Journal of applied bacteriology,
M V Smith, and M D Pierson
Immunological analysis of spores of Clostridium botulinum type E.
December 1969, Canadian journal of microbiology,
M V Smith, and M D Pierson
The germination requirements of spores of Clostridium botulinum type E.
November 1971, Japanese journal of microbiology,
M V Smith, and M D Pierson
Outgrowth and sporulation studies on Clostridium botulinum type E: influence of isoleucine.
April 1979, Canadian journal of microbiology,
M V Smith, and M D Pierson
Factors affecting the germination of spores of Clostridium botulinum type E.
September 1970, Japanese journal of microbiology,
M V Smith, and M D Pierson
An investigation of the oxidation-reduction potential and of the effect of oxygen on the germination and outgrowth of Clostridium butyricum spores, using platinum electrodes.
December 1973, The Journal of applied bacteriology,
M V Smith, and M D Pierson
[Lysozyme-proteolytic enzyme dependent germination of type E Clostridium botulinum spores].
November 1972, Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des sciences. Serie D: Sciences naturelles,
Copied contents to your clipboard!