Backup Frontal Drainage System for Urgent Tension Pneumocephalus Management After Chronic Subdural Hematoma Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study. 2024

Jose A Moran-Guerrero, and Hector R Martínez, and David G Gonzalez-Sanchez, and Luis E Perez-Martinez, and Rogelio E Flores-Salcido, and Ana S Ferrigno, and E Caro-Osorio, and Misael Salazar-Alejo, and Pablo J Avalos-Montes, and Jose A Figueroa-Sanchez
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía Centro Médico Zambrano Hellion TecSalud. Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.

OBJECTIVE To describe a simple variation of burr hole craniostomy for the management of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) that uses a frontal drainage system to facilitate timely decompression in the event of tension pneumocephalus and spares the need for additional surgery. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 20 patients with CSDH who underwent burr hole craniostomy and 20 patients who underwent the same procedure alongside the placement of a 5fr neonatal feeding tube as a backup drainage for the anterior craniostomy. Depending on the situation, the secondary drain stayed for a maximum of 72 hours to be opened and used in emergency settings for drainage, aspiration, or as a one-way valve with a water seal. RESULTS The outcomes of 20 patients who underwent this procedure and 20 controls are described. One patient from each group presented tension pneumocephalus. One was promptly resolved by opening the backup drain under a water seal to evacuate pneumocephalus and the other patient had to undergo a re-opening of the craniostomy. CONCLUSIONS The described variation of burr hole craniostomy represents a low-cost and easy-to-implement technique that can be used for emergency decompression of tension pneumocephalus. It also has the potential to reduce re-operation rates and CSDH recurrence. Prospective controlled research is needed to validate this approach further.

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