Clozapine Use Among People With Psychotic Disorders Who Experience Specific Indications for Clozapine. 2024

Gregory E Simon, and Rebecca C Rossom, and Esti Iturralde, and Brian K Ahmedani, and Stephen C Waring, and Ashli A Owen-Smith, and Stacy A Sterling, and Kathleen Miley, and Cheryl D Stults, and Yihe G Daida, and Frances L Lynch, and Arne Beck, and Katherine Sanchez, and Karen J Coleman, and Susan M Shortreed
Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.

Objective: To examine rates of clozapine use among people with psychotic disorders who experience specific indications for clozapine. Methods: Records data from 11 integrated health systems identified patients aged 18 years or older with recorded International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification, diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or other psychotic disorder who experienced any of the 3 events between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019, suggesting indications for clozapine: a diagnosis of self-harm injury or poisoning, suicidal ideation diagnosed or in response to standardized assessments, and hospitalization or emergency department (ED) care for psychotic disorder despite treatment with 2 or more antipsychotic medications. Prescription dispensing data identified all clozapine use prior to or in the 12 months following each indication event. Analyses were conducted with aggregate data from each health system; no individual data were shared. Results: A total of 7,648 patients with psychotic disorder diagnoses experienced at least 1 indication event. Among 1,097 experiencing a self-harm event, 32 (2.9%) had any prior clozapine use, and 10 (0.9%) initiated clozapine during the following 12 months. Among 6,396 with significant suicidal ideation, 238 (3.7%) had any prior clozapine use, and 70 (1.1%) initiated clozapine over 12 months. Among 881 with hospitalization or ED visit despite pharmacotherapy, 77 (8.7%) had any prior clozapine treatment, and 41 (4.7%) initiated clozapine over 12 months. Among those with significant suicidal ideation, rates of both prior clozapine treatment and subsequent initiation varied significantly by race and ethnicity, with rates among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black patients lower than among non Hispanic White patients. Conclusions: Initiating clozapine treatment is uncommon among people with psychotic disorders who experience events suggesting clozapine is indicated, with even lower rates among Black and Hispanic patients.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D011618 Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994) Psychoses,Psychosis, Brief Reactive,Schizoaffective Disorder,Schizophreniform Disorders,Psychosis,Brief Reactive Psychoses,Brief Reactive Psychosis,Disorder, Psychotic,Disorder, Schizoaffective,Disorder, Schizophreniform,Disorders, Psychotic,Disorders, Schizoaffective,Disorders, Schizophreniform,Psychoses, Brief Reactive,Psychotic Disorder,Reactive Psychoses, Brief,Reactive Psychosis, Brief,Schizoaffective Disorders,Schizophreniform Disorder
D003024 Clozapine A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent. Clozaril,Leponex
D005260 Female Females
D006760 Hospitalization The confinement of a patient in a hospital. Hospitalizations
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000293 Adolescent A person 13 to 18 years of age. Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D012559 Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior. Dementia Praecox,Schizophrenic Disorders,Disorder, Schizophrenic,Disorders, Schizophrenic,Schizophrenias,Schizophrenic Disorder

Related Publications

Gregory E Simon, and Rebecca C Rossom, and Esti Iturralde, and Brian K Ahmedani, and Stephen C Waring, and Ashli A Owen-Smith, and Stacy A Sterling, and Kathleen Miley, and Cheryl D Stults, and Yihe G Daida, and Frances L Lynch, and Arne Beck, and Katherine Sanchez, and Karen J Coleman, and Susan M Shortreed
June 2012, Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors,
Gregory E Simon, and Rebecca C Rossom, and Esti Iturralde, and Brian K Ahmedani, and Stephen C Waring, and Ashli A Owen-Smith, and Stacy A Sterling, and Kathleen Miley, and Cheryl D Stults, and Yihe G Daida, and Frances L Lynch, and Arne Beck, and Katherine Sanchez, and Karen J Coleman, and Susan M Shortreed
January 2004, The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry,
Gregory E Simon, and Rebecca C Rossom, and Esti Iturralde, and Brian K Ahmedani, and Stephen C Waring, and Ashli A Owen-Smith, and Stacy A Sterling, and Kathleen Miley, and Cheryl D Stults, and Yihe G Daida, and Frances L Lynch, and Arne Beck, and Katherine Sanchez, and Karen J Coleman, and Susan M Shortreed
September 2000, Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology,
Gregory E Simon, and Rebecca C Rossom, and Esti Iturralde, and Brian K Ahmedani, and Stephen C Waring, and Ashli A Owen-Smith, and Stacy A Sterling, and Kathleen Miley, and Cheryl D Stults, and Yihe G Daida, and Frances L Lynch, and Arne Beck, and Katherine Sanchez, and Karen J Coleman, and Susan M Shortreed
May 2024, Schizophrenia bulletin,
Gregory E Simon, and Rebecca C Rossom, and Esti Iturralde, and Brian K Ahmedani, and Stephen C Waring, and Ashli A Owen-Smith, and Stacy A Sterling, and Kathleen Miley, and Cheryl D Stults, and Yihe G Daida, and Frances L Lynch, and Arne Beck, and Katherine Sanchez, and Karen J Coleman, and Susan M Shortreed
September 2015, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews,
Gregory E Simon, and Rebecca C Rossom, and Esti Iturralde, and Brian K Ahmedani, and Stephen C Waring, and Ashli A Owen-Smith, and Stacy A Sterling, and Kathleen Miley, and Cheryl D Stults, and Yihe G Daida, and Frances L Lynch, and Arne Beck, and Katherine Sanchez, and Karen J Coleman, and Susan M Shortreed
May 2021, The Permanente journal,
Gregory E Simon, and Rebecca C Rossom, and Esti Iturralde, and Brian K Ahmedani, and Stephen C Waring, and Ashli A Owen-Smith, and Stacy A Sterling, and Kathleen Miley, and Cheryl D Stults, and Yihe G Daida, and Frances L Lynch, and Arne Beck, and Katherine Sanchez, and Karen J Coleman, and Susan M Shortreed
January 2023, Substance use & misuse,
Gregory E Simon, and Rebecca C Rossom, and Esti Iturralde, and Brian K Ahmedani, and Stephen C Waring, and Ashli A Owen-Smith, and Stacy A Sterling, and Kathleen Miley, and Cheryl D Stults, and Yihe G Daida, and Frances L Lynch, and Arne Beck, and Katherine Sanchez, and Karen J Coleman, and Susan M Shortreed
April 2009, Psychiatrische Praxis,
Gregory E Simon, and Rebecca C Rossom, and Esti Iturralde, and Brian K Ahmedani, and Stephen C Waring, and Ashli A Owen-Smith, and Stacy A Sterling, and Kathleen Miley, and Cheryl D Stults, and Yihe G Daida, and Frances L Lynch, and Arne Beck, and Katherine Sanchez, and Karen J Coleman, and Susan M Shortreed
March 2010, The Journal of clinical psychiatry,
Gregory E Simon, and Rebecca C Rossom, and Esti Iturralde, and Brian K Ahmedani, and Stephen C Waring, and Ashli A Owen-Smith, and Stacy A Sterling, and Kathleen Miley, and Cheryl D Stults, and Yihe G Daida, and Frances L Lynch, and Arne Beck, and Katherine Sanchez, and Karen J Coleman, and Susan M Shortreed
December 2006, Acta neuropsychiatrica,
Copied contents to your clipboard!