Ultrasonographic Study of the Submandibular Gland for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection. 2024

Kyu-Ho Yi, and Soo-Bin Kim, and Hyewon Hu, and Hyo-Sang An, and Inneke Jane Hidajat, and Ting Song Lim, and Hee-Jin Kim
Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.

BACKGROUND Hypertrophied submandibular glands provide a bulky contour to the lower face. Botulinum neurotoxin injection methods are commonly used for facial contouring; however, no studies have suggested injection points because of the lack of delicate anatomical information on the submandibular gland. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the optimal injection site for botulinum neurotoxin injections in the submandibular gland. METHODS Anatomical considerations when injecting botulinum neurotoxin into the submandibular gland were determined using ultrasonography. The thickness of the submandibular gland, its depth from the skin surface, and the location of the vascular bundle were observed bilaterally in 42 participants. Two cadavers were dissected to measure the location of the submandibular gland corresponding to the ultrasonographic observation. RESULTS The thickest part of the submandibular gland measured 11.12 ± 2.46 in width with a depth of 4.63 ± 0.76. At the point where it crosses the line of the lateral canthus, it measured 5.53 ± 1.83 in width and 8.73 ± 1.64 in depth. CONCLUSIONS The authors suggest optimal injection sites based on external anatomical landmarks. These guidelines aim to maximize the effects of botulinum neurotoxin therapy by minimizing its deleterious effects, which can be useful in clinical settings.

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