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For the purpose of arresting hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract we developed a method of endoscopic local injection of hypertonic saline-epinephrine solution, consisting of 3.6% or 7.1% sodium chloride with 0.005% epinephrine, which was locally injected around the base of the bleeding vessel under endoscopy. During the period between October 1978 and September 1983, a total of 158 patients underwent treatment for hemostasis by this method. The major causes of bleeding in our study consisted of gastric ulcers (114) and duodenal ulcers (15). The overall effective rate of hemostasis was 98.1%. By applying this method, the rate of emergency operation for patients with bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract was significantly reduced from 21.7% (15/69) to 0.8% (1/128).
M Hirao, and
T Kobayashi, and
K Masuda, and
S Yamaguchi, and
K Noda, and
K Matsuura, and
H Naka, and
H Kawauchi, and
M Namiki
February 1988,
Taiwan yi xue hui za zhi. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association,
M Hirao, and
T Kobayashi, and
K Masuda, and
S Yamaguchi, and
K Noda, and
K Matsuura, and
H Naka, and
H Kawauchi, and
M Namiki
October 1986,
Gastrointestinal endoscopy,
M Hirao, and
T Kobayashi, and
K Masuda, and
S Yamaguchi, and
K Noda, and
K Matsuura, and
H Naka, and
H Kawauchi, and
M Namiki
March 1994,
The American journal of gastroenterology,
M Hirao, and
T Kobayashi, and
K Masuda, and
S Yamaguchi, and
K Noda, and
K Matsuura, and
H Naka, and
H Kawauchi, and
M Namiki
September 1989,
Nihon Geka Gakkai zasshi,
M Hirao, and
T Kobayashi, and
K Masuda, and
S Yamaguchi, and
K Noda, and
K Matsuura, and
H Naka, and
H Kawauchi, and
M Namiki
May 1988,
[Hokkaido igaku zasshi] The Hokkaido journal of medical science,
M Hirao, and
T Kobayashi, and
K Masuda, and
S Yamaguchi, and
K Noda, and
K Matsuura, and
H Naka, and
H Kawauchi, and
M Namiki
April 1988,
Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy,
M Hirao, and
T Kobayashi, and
K Masuda, and
S Yamaguchi, and
K Noda, and
K Matsuura, and
H Naka, and
H Kawauchi, and
M Namiki
August 2013,
Surgical laparoscopy, endoscopy & percutaneous techniques,
M Hirao, and
T Kobayashi, and
K Masuda, and
S Yamaguchi, and
K Noda, and
K Matsuura, and
H Naka, and
H Kawauchi, and
M Namiki
January 1988,
Gastrointestinal endoscopy,
M Hirao, and
T Kobayashi, and
K Masuda, and
S Yamaguchi, and
K Noda, and
K Matsuura, and
H Naka, and
H Kawauchi, and
M Namiki
September 2021,
Clinical endoscopy,
M Hirao, and
T Kobayashi, and
K Masuda, and
S Yamaguchi, and
K Noda, and
K Matsuura, and
H Naka, and
H Kawauchi, and
M Namiki
September 2008,
Endoscopy,
