Effects of glucose and D-3-hydroxybutyrate on human pancreatic islet cell function. 1985

C J Rhodes, and I L Campbell, and T M Szopa, and T J Biden, and P D Reynolds, and O N Fernando, and K W Taylor

Beta-Cell function in human islets derived from a number of kidney donors was investigated by using various types of islet preparations. With fresh islets, both insulin release and biosynthesis were increased by raising glucose concentrations, although the response was a variable one. In fresh islets, the effects of 5 mmol of glucose/l on release were potentiated by 10 mmol of D-3-hydroxybutyrate/l. Insulin release at 20 mmol of glucose/l was inhibited by adrenaline (0.1 mmol/l), and potentiated by theophylline (10 mmol/l) in the presence of 5 mmol of glucose/l, in islets cultured for 4 days. After culture for 8 days, islets still showed an increase in insulin release and biosynthesis in response to glucose. Pancreas slices derived from fresh human tissue also responded to increasing concentrations of glucose with a sigmoidal curve for insulin release.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007328 Insulin A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1). Iletin,Insulin A Chain,Insulin B Chain,Insulin, Regular,Novolin,Sodium Insulin,Soluble Insulin,Chain, Insulin B,Insulin, Sodium,Insulin, Soluble,Regular Insulin
D007515 Islets of Langerhans Irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughout the PANCREAS among the exocrine acini. Each islet is surrounded by connective tissue fibers and penetrated by a network of capillaries. There are four major cell types. The most abundant beta cells (50-80%) secrete INSULIN. Alpha cells (5-20%) secrete GLUCAGON. PP cells (10-35%) secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE. Delta cells (~5%) secrete SOMATOSTATIN. Islands of Langerhans,Islet Cells,Nesidioblasts,Pancreas, Endocrine,Pancreatic Islets,Cell, Islet,Cells, Islet,Endocrine Pancreas,Islet Cell,Islet, Pancreatic,Islets, Pancreatic,Langerhans Islands,Langerhans Islets,Nesidioblast,Pancreatic Islet
D007930 Leucine An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation. L-Leucine,Leucine, L-Isomer,L-Isomer Leucine,Leucine, L Isomer
D008297 Male Males
D010179 Pancreas A nodular organ in the ABDOMEN that contains a mixture of ENDOCRINE GLANDS and EXOCRINE GLANDS. The small endocrine portion consists of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. The large exocrine portion (EXOCRINE PANCREAS) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the DUODENUM.
D011384 Proinsulin A pancreatic polypeptide of about 110 amino acids, depending on the species, that is the precursor of insulin. Proinsulin, produced by the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, is comprised sequentially of the N-terminal B-chain, the proteolytically removable connecting C-peptide, and the C-terminal A-chain. It also contains three disulfide bonds, two between A-chain and B-chain. After cleavage at two locations, insulin and C-peptide are the secreted products. Intact proinsulin with low bioactivity also is secreted in small amounts.
D005260 Female Females
D005947 Glucose A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. Dextrose,Anhydrous Dextrose,D-Glucose,Glucose Monohydrate,Glucose, (DL)-Isomer,Glucose, (alpha-D)-Isomer,Glucose, (beta-D)-Isomer,D Glucose,Dextrose, Anhydrous,Monohydrate, Glucose
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006885 Hydroxybutyrates Salts and esters of hydroxybutyric acid. Hydroxybutyric Acid Derivatives,Hydroxybutyric Acids,Acid Derivatives, Hydroxybutyric

Related Publications

C J Rhodes, and I L Campbell, and T M Szopa, and T J Biden, and P D Reynolds, and O N Fernando, and K W Taylor
December 2013, Diabetes, obesity & metabolism,
C J Rhodes, and I L Campbell, and T M Szopa, and T J Biden, and P D Reynolds, and O N Fernando, and K W Taylor
June 2004, Endocrine,
C J Rhodes, and I L Campbell, and T M Szopa, and T J Biden, and P D Reynolds, and O N Fernando, and K W Taylor
December 1993, FEMS immunology and medical microbiology,
C J Rhodes, and I L Campbell, and T M Szopa, and T J Biden, and P D Reynolds, and O N Fernando, and K W Taylor
October 2001, Molecular and cellular biochemistry,
C J Rhodes, and I L Campbell, and T M Szopa, and T J Biden, and P D Reynolds, and O N Fernando, and K W Taylor
April 2009, Diabetes, obesity & metabolism,
C J Rhodes, and I L Campbell, and T M Szopa, and T J Biden, and P D Reynolds, and O N Fernando, and K W Taylor
February 2023, Nature metabolism,
C J Rhodes, and I L Campbell, and T M Szopa, and T J Biden, and P D Reynolds, and O N Fernando, and K W Taylor
February 2002, International journal of molecular medicine,
C J Rhodes, and I L Campbell, and T M Szopa, and T J Biden, and P D Reynolds, and O N Fernando, and K W Taylor
December 1993, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism,
C J Rhodes, and I L Campbell, and T M Szopa, and T J Biden, and P D Reynolds, and O N Fernando, and K W Taylor
January 2007, Molecular and cellular endocrinology,
C J Rhodes, and I L Campbell, and T M Szopa, and T J Biden, and P D Reynolds, and O N Fernando, and K W Taylor
May 2008, Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.),
Copied contents to your clipboard!