Ischemia of the donor bronchus, perfused solely by retrograde collaterals from the pulmonary circulation, is an important factor in the impaired healing of the bronchial anastomosis of transplanted lungs. The healing of two experimental models of bronchial anastomotic ischemia, the bronchial segmental autograft and the postpneumonectomy bronchial autograft, was assessed in dogs. The application of a polytetrafluoroethylene wrap to the bronchial segmental autograft and the application of an intercostal pedicle flap to the postpneumonectomy bronchial autograft, with and without concomitant administration of corticosteroids, were also studied to elucidate factors that affect bronchial anastomotic healing. The bronchial segmental autograft healed normally without stricture, but isolation of this autograft from the mediastinum and lung by the polytetrafluoroethylene wrap resulted in necrosis of the autograft. All dogs that had a postpneumonectomy bronchial autograft died of bronchopleural fistulas due to autograft necrosis. Application of an intercostal pedicle flap to the autograft resulted in healing in all animals. Arteriography and Microfil injection demonstrated revascularization of the postpneumonectomy bronchial autograft by the pedicled intercostal artery. Several conclusions can be drawn: With the lung in situ the bronchial segmental autograft survives, probably as a free composite graft. In contrast, the postpneumonectomy bronchial autograft is an excellent model of bronchial anastomotic ischemia. The intercostal pedicle flap is a reliable method for providing neovascularity and mechanical reinforcement to an ischemic bronchial anastomosis. Its effect on bronchial anastomotic healing was not diminished by administration of corticosteroids. The intercostal pedicle flap may be useful in preventing bronchial anastomotic complications in clinical lung transplantation.