Significance of suture material in microchirurgical operations of nerves was the base of comparative experimental research on sutures and the reaction of tissues around the suture in early and late period. Commonly employed monophilous polyester and polyamid sutures of 9/0, 10/0 were used, as well as prototype multifilament polyester threads covered with polyurethane, and polyglicol acid threads Dexon. In the group where Dexon threads were used, 7 days after the operation the microscopic picture was the same as in the group where polyester and polyamid threads Ethilon were used. 30 days after operation the Dexon sutures changed in coloration and underwent fragmentation, after 180 days they could not be found in histological preparations. Basing on the studies it can be maintained that the use of Dexon microsurgical sutures may be a further advancement in perfecting microsurgical methods in nerve and vascular sutures.