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Based on findings in 2 fluoride-toxic patients, it was suspected that hyperkalemia played a clinically important role in the etiology of sudden death from fluoride poisoning. Using fluoridated human erythrocytes as an in vitro model, it was confirmed that fluoride produced a marked potassium efflux from intact cells. Further, neither glucose and insulin in pharmacologic doses, nor various buffers could halt the efflux by shifting the potassium intracellularly. If these results can be extrapolated to the clinical situation, removal of potassium and fluoride via exchange resins or dialysis remains the only reasonable approach to this life threatening problem. Aside from sudden hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia, no serologic marker for fluoride toxicity has been identified. A high degree of clinical suspicion is therefore essential to the diagnosis.
M E McIvor, and
C C Cummings, and
M M Mower, and
R F Baltazar, and
R E Wenk, and
J A Lustgarten, and
J Salomon
January 2002,
Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology,
M E McIvor, and
C C Cummings, and
M M Mower, and
R F Baltazar, and
R E Wenk, and
J A Lustgarten, and
J Salomon
July 1978,
The Journal of physiology,
M E McIvor, and
C C Cummings, and
M M Mower, and
R F Baltazar, and
R E Wenk, and
J A Lustgarten, and
J Salomon
December 1971,
Gastroenterology,
M E McIvor, and
C C Cummings, and
M M Mower, and
R F Baltazar, and
R E Wenk, and
J A Lustgarten, and
J Salomon
September 1970,
Wisconsin medical journal,
M E McIvor, and
C C Cummings, and
M M Mower, and
R F Baltazar, and
R E Wenk, and
J A Lustgarten, and
J Salomon
July 1980,
JAMA,
M E McIvor, and
C C Cummings, and
M M Mower, and
R F Baltazar, and
R E Wenk, and
J A Lustgarten, and
J Salomon
January 1963,
Acta medica Scandinavica,
M E McIvor, and
C C Cummings, and
M M Mower, and
R F Baltazar, and
R E Wenk, and
J A Lustgarten, and
J Salomon
May 1963,
New York state journal of medicine,
M E McIvor, and
C C Cummings, and
M M Mower, and
R F Baltazar, and
R E Wenk, and
J A Lustgarten, and
J Salomon
November 1969,
Annals of the rheumatic diseases,
M E McIvor, and
C C Cummings, and
M M Mower, and
R F Baltazar, and
R E Wenk, and
J A Lustgarten, and
J Salomon
March 1977,
Family process,
M E McIvor, and
C C Cummings, and
M M Mower, and
R F Baltazar, and
R E Wenk, and
J A Lustgarten, and
J Salomon
January 1981,
The Netherlands journal of medicine,
