The kindling model of epilepsy: a critical review. 1985

J O McNamara, and D W Bonhaus, and C Shin, and B J Crain, and R L Gellman, and J L Giacchino

Kindling is an animal model of epilepsy induced by electrical stimulation of the brain. This model has attracted the interest of many neuroscientists, in part because it involves a robust, permanent modification of brain function. This report will describe the kindling phenomenon and critically review current understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The review will carefully consider whether this model accurately reflects analogous processes in humans. The review will consider some hypotheses inspired by the kindling studies which may be relevant to human epilepsy.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007696 Kindling, Neurologic The repeated weak excitation of brain structures, that progressively increases sensitivity to the same stimulation. Over time, this can lower the threshold required to trigger seizures. Kindlings, Neurologic,Neurologic Kindling,Neurologic Kindlings
D009294 Narcotics Agents that induce NARCOSIS. Narcotics include agents that cause somnolence or induced sleep (STUPOR); natural or synthetic derivatives of OPIUM or MORPHINE or any substance that has such effects. They are potent inducers of ANALGESIA and OPIOID-RELATED DISORDERS. Analgesics, Narcotic,Narcotic Analgesics,Narcotic,Narcotic Effect,Narcotic Effects,Effect, Narcotic,Effects, Narcotic
D004569 Electroencephalography Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain. EEG,Electroencephalogram,Electroencephalograms
D004594 Electrophysiology The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.
D004723 Endorphins One of the three major groups of endogenous opioid peptides. They are large peptides derived from the PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN precursor. The known members of this group are alpha-, beta-, and gamma-endorphin. The term endorphin is also sometimes used to refer to all opioid peptides, but the narrower sense is used here; OPIOID PEPTIDES is used for the broader group. Endorphin
D004827 Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) Aura,Awakening Epilepsy,Seizure Disorder,Epilepsy, Cryptogenic,Auras,Cryptogenic Epilepsies,Cryptogenic Epilepsy,Epilepsies,Epilepsies, Cryptogenic,Epilepsy, Awakening,Seizure Disorders
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000109 Acetylcholine A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. 2-(Acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium,Acetilcolina Cusi,Acetylcholine Bromide,Acetylcholine Chloride,Acetylcholine Fluoride,Acetylcholine Hydroxide,Acetylcholine Iodide,Acetylcholine L-Tartrate,Acetylcholine Perchlorate,Acetylcholine Picrate,Acetylcholine Picrate (1:1),Acetylcholine Sulfate (1:1),Bromoacetylcholine,Chloroacetylcholine,Miochol,Acetylcholine L Tartrate,Bromide, Acetylcholine,Cusi, Acetilcolina,Fluoride, Acetylcholine,Hydroxide, Acetylcholine,Iodide, Acetylcholine,L-Tartrate, Acetylcholine,Perchlorate, Acetylcholine
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001679 Biogenic Amines A group of naturally occurring amines derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of the natural amino acids. Many have powerful physiological effects (e.g., histamine, serotonin, epinephrine, tyramine). Those derived from aromatic amino acids, and also their synthetic analogs (e.g., amphetamine), are of use in pharmacology. Amines, Biogenic,Biogenic Amine,Amine, Biogenic

Related Publications

J O McNamara, and D W Bonhaus, and C Shin, and B J Crain, and R L Gellman, and J L Giacchino
January 1980, Progress in neurobiology,
J O McNamara, and D W Bonhaus, and C Shin, and B J Crain, and R L Gellman, and J L Giacchino
December 1994, Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology,
J O McNamara, and D W Bonhaus, and C Shin, and B J Crain, and R L Gellman, and J L Giacchino
January 1986, Advances in neurology,
J O McNamara, and D W Bonhaus, and C Shin, and B J Crain, and R L Gellman, and J L Giacchino
January 1978, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology. Supplement,
J O McNamara, and D W Bonhaus, and C Shin, and B J Crain, and R L Gellman, and J L Giacchino
February 1997, Nihon shinkei seishin yakurigaku zasshi = Japanese journal of psychopharmacology,
J O McNamara, and D W Bonhaus, and C Shin, and B J Crain, and R L Gellman, and J L Giacchino
November 1976, Psychological bulletin,
J O McNamara, and D W Bonhaus, and C Shin, and B J Crain, and R L Gellman, and J L Giacchino
August 2009, The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques,
J O McNamara, and D W Bonhaus, and C Shin, and B J Crain, and R L Gellman, and J L Giacchino
March 1982, The International journal of neuroscience,
J O McNamara, and D W Bonhaus, and C Shin, and B J Crain, and R L Gellman, and J L Giacchino
January 1986, Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum,
J O McNamara, and D W Bonhaus, and C Shin, and B J Crain, and R L Gellman, and J L Giacchino
October 1984, Neuropharmacology,
Copied contents to your clipboard!