Biomaterial Database

Blepharospasm and Meige syndrome: a review of diagnostic, aetiological and treatment approaches. 1985

M E Faulstich, and C L Carnrike, and D A Williamson

No known pathophysiological mechanism can explain the majority of cases of blepharospasm, i.e. spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle; it may also affect the lower face, neck and jaw--Meige syndrome. Only symptomatic treatment is possible, and surgery should be a last resort for severe cases. Much more clinical research will be required before promising behavioural interventions, including biofeedback, can be considered treatments of choice.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008016	Life Change Events	Those occurrences, including social, psychological, and environmental, which require an adjustment or effect a change in an individual's pattern of living.	Life Course,Life Crises,Life Crisis,Life Experiences,Course, Life,Crisis, Life,Event, Life Change,Experience, Life,Life Change Event,Life Courses,Life Experience
D008094	Lithium	An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	Lithium-7,Lithium 7
D008538	Meige Syndrome	A syndrome characterized by orofacial DYSTONIA; including BLEPHAROSPASM; forceful jaw opening; lip retraction; platysma muscle spasm; and tongue protrusion. It primarily affects older adults, with an incidence peak in the seventh decade of life. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p108)	Blepharospasm-Oromandibular Dystonia,Brueghel Syndrome,Idiopathic Orofacial Dyskinesia,Blepharospasm-Oromandibular Dyskinesia,Blepharospasm-Oromandibular Dystonia Syndrome,Blepharospasm-Oromandibular Dystonia Syndrome, Idiopathic,Idiopathic Blepharospasm-Oromandibular Dystonia Syndrome,Syndrome, Blepharospasm-Oromandibular Dystonia,Blepharospasm Oromandibular Dyskinesia,Blepharospasm Oromandibular Dystonia,Blepharospasm Oromandibular Dystonia Syndrome,Blepharospasm Oromandibular Dystonia Syndrome, Idiopathic,Blepharospasm-Oromandibular Dyskinesias,Blepharospasm-Oromandibular Dystonia Syndromes,Blepharospasm-Oromandibular Dystonias,Dyskinesia, Blepharospasm-Oromandibular,Dyskinesia, Idiopathic Orofacial,Dyskinesias, Blepharospasm-Oromandibular,Dyskinesias, Idiopathic Orofacial,Dystonia Syndrome, Blepharospasm-Oromandibular,Dystonia Syndromes, Blepharospasm-Oromandibular,Dystonia, Blepharospasm-Oromandibular,Dystonias, Blepharospasm-Oromandibular,Idiopathic Blepharospasm Oromandibular Dystonia Syndrome,Idiopathic Orofacial Dyskinesias,Orofacial Dyskinesia, Idiopathic,Orofacial Dyskinesias, Idiopathic
D009801	Oculomotor Muscles	The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.	Extraocular Muscles,Extraocular Rectus Muscles,Inferior Oblique Extraocular Muscle,Inferior Oblique Muscles,Levator Palpebrae Superioris,Musculus Orbitalis,Oblique Extraocular Muscles,Oblique Muscle, Inferior,Oblique Muscle, Superior,Oblique Muscles, Extraocular,Rectus Muscles, Extraocular,Superior Oblique Extraocular Muscle,Superior Oblique Muscle,Extraocular Muscle,Extraocular Muscle, Oblique,Extraocular Muscles, Oblique,Extraocular Oblique Muscle,Extraocular Oblique Muscles,Extraocular Rectus Muscle,Inferior Oblique Muscle,Muscle, Oculomotor,Muscles, Oculomotor,Oblique Extraocular Muscle,Oblique Muscle, Extraocular,Oblique Muscles, Inferior,Oblique Muscles, Superior,Oculomotor Muscle,Rectus Muscle, Extraocular,Superior Oblique Muscles
D011574	Psychoanalytic Theory	Conceptual system developed by Freud and his followers in which unconscious motivations are considered to shape normal and abnormal personality development and behavior.	Oral Character,Psychoanalytical Theory,Theory, Psychoanalytic,Character, Oral,Characters, Oral,Oral Characters,Psychoanalytic Theories,Psychoanalytical Theories,Theories, Psychoanalytic,Theories, Psychoanalytical,Theory, Psychoanalytical
D001764	Blepharospasm	Excessive winking; tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle.	Blepharospasms
D001933	Brain Stem	The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA.	Brainstem,Truncus Cerebri,Brain Stems,Brainstems,Cerebri, Truncus,Cerebrus, Truncus,Truncus Cerebrus
D003937	Diagnosis, Differential	Determination of which one of two or more diseases or conditions a patient is suffering from by systematically comparing and contrasting results of diagnostic measures.	Diagnoses, Differential,Differential Diagnoses,Differential Diagnosis
D004409	Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced	Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)	Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced,Medication-Induced Dyskinesia,Drug-Induced Dyskinesia,Drug-Induced Dyskinesias,Dyskinesia, Drug Induced,Dyskinesia, Medication Induced,Dyskinesias, Drug-Induced,Dyskinesias, Medication-Induced,Medication Induced Dyskinesia,Medication-Induced Dyskinesias
D005141	Eyelid Diseases	Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	Disease, Eyelid,Diseases, Eyelid,Eyelid Disease