In view of the frequency and the severity of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and of endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) in the african child, the indication of a valvular surgical procedure is frequent in Abidjan. Between 1978 and 1983, 127 open-heart procedures have been performed in 113 patients. The ages ranged from 2 to 15 years, with a mean of 11 years. There were 67 RHD, 37 EMF, 9 bacterial endocarditis. The status of the patients was severe, there was a cardiomegaly (mean CTR of 0.70). 3 patients were in atrial fibrillation. The patients underwent 97 valve replacements (70 mitral, 18 tricuspid, 9 aortic) essentially by a bioprosthesis (n : 87). A mitral valvuloplasty was done in 27 cases. Associate procedures have been employed including : 35 endocardectomies, 11 aortic valvuloplasties, 6 tricuspid annuloplasties. 12 patients have been reoperated for bacterial endocarditis of a mitral prosthesis (n : 4), calcification of a mitral bioprosthesis (n : 5), failure of mitral valvuloplasty (n : 3). There were 13 deaths (10.2 p. 100 mostly in EMF surgery : 7 deaths (5.5 p. 100). No patient with a bioprosthesis received anticoagulants post-operatively. All surviving patients have been improved, with a mean post-operative follow-up of 32 months. There were 11 late deaths (8.6 p. 100). The authors discuss several points including : severity of children valvular diseases in tropical areas; necessity to use the bioprosthesis in this area of the world; increasing tendency to conservative surgery in the mitral and also the aortic position.