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Mentally handicapped children, aged 5--15 years and living in institutions, received fluoride supplement in several sugar products of their diet; in candies, marmalades, jams, fruit juices and in sweet desserts corresponding to 10 mg F as NaF per kg of the sugar (sucrose or glucose) of each product. To two of the four daily candies was also added a NaHCO3 + KH2PO4 mixture (mole ratio 9.8/l, resp.) to substitute for 2.5% of the sugar of the candy. The control children received the respective products without the additives. After stepwise exclusions of subjects for various reasons, e.g. for the absence of permanent teeth, low initial caries activity, strong medication, Down's syndrome, etc., the mean DMFS-increment in the remaining 43 control subjects was 4.5 and in the 41 test subjects 2.6 lesions/100 surfaces at risk, i.e. 42% reduction. Caries arrestment had occurred in these test subjects after the first year, while in the respective controls it was continuously increasing. Among numerous oral and body parameters studied, only surface enamel fluoride in primary teeth was increased by the fluoride supplements and urinary phosphate and calcium excretion decreased.
H Luoma, and
A Nyman, and
A Toivonen, and
S Söderholm, and
T Nuuja, and
R L Kantero, and
M L Hassinen, and
M Jokela, and
P Nummikoski, and
H Ranta, and
I Thesleff
May 1972,
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H Luoma, and
A Nyman, and
A Toivonen, and
S Söderholm, and
T Nuuja, and
R L Kantero, and
M L Hassinen, and
M Jokela, and
P Nummikoski, and
H Ranta, and
I Thesleff
October 1984,
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H Luoma, and
A Nyman, and
A Toivonen, and
S Söderholm, and
T Nuuja, and
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M Jokela, and
P Nummikoski, and
H Ranta, and
I Thesleff
January 1972,
Caries research,
H Luoma, and
A Nyman, and
A Toivonen, and
S Söderholm, and
T Nuuja, and
R L Kantero, and
M L Hassinen, and
M Jokela, and
P Nummikoski, and
H Ranta, and
I Thesleff
August 1962,
The American journal of clinical nutrition,
H Luoma, and
A Nyman, and
A Toivonen, and
S Söderholm, and
T Nuuja, and
R L Kantero, and
M L Hassinen, and
M Jokela, and
P Nummikoski, and
H Ranta, and
I Thesleff
July 2014,
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR,
H Luoma, and
A Nyman, and
A Toivonen, and
S Söderholm, and
T Nuuja, and
R L Kantero, and
M L Hassinen, and
M Jokela, and
P Nummikoski, and
H Ranta, and
I Thesleff
November 1968,
Archives of oral biology,
H Luoma, and
A Nyman, and
A Toivonen, and
S Söderholm, and
T Nuuja, and
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M L Hassinen, and
M Jokela, and
P Nummikoski, and
H Ranta, and
I Thesleff
January 1970,
Caries research,
H Luoma, and
A Nyman, and
A Toivonen, and
S Söderholm, and
T Nuuja, and
R L Kantero, and
M L Hassinen, and
M Jokela, and
P Nummikoski, and
H Ranta, and
I Thesleff
April 1953,
Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology,
H Luoma, and
A Nyman, and
A Toivonen, and
S Söderholm, and
T Nuuja, and
R L Kantero, and
M L Hassinen, and
M Jokela, and
P Nummikoski, and
H Ranta, and
I Thesleff
January 1977,
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H Luoma, and
A Nyman, and
A Toivonen, and
S Söderholm, and
T Nuuja, and
R L Kantero, and
M L Hassinen, and
M Jokela, and
P Nummikoski, and
H Ranta, and
I Thesleff
April 1979,
Niedersachsisches Zahnarzteblatt,
