Biomaterial Database

Photonuclear target systems for producing clinically useful quantities of 11C using an electron linear accelerator. 1985

H V Piltingsrud, and P J Robbins

Described in this paper are what we believe to be the first practical photonuclear target systems for production of 11C containing CO and CO2 using bremsstrahlung produced from an electron linear accelerator similar to certain radiotherapy accelerators. This is a continuation of work reported earlier concerning a similar target system presently being used for production of 15O-O2. The 11C producing systems utilized liquid carbon dioxide, liquid cyclohexane, and liquid glacial acetic acid target materials. The carbon dioxide and glacial acetic acid target materials produced principally a 11C-CO product material. The cyclohexane target material produced a 11C-hydrocarbon product which was then oxidized to CO2. Target activity yields for these systems, normalized to a 20-cm-long by 10-cm-diam target chamber irradiated in a bremsstrahlung field produced by a 26-MeV, 100-microA electron beam, were 1.9 X 10(8) Bq (5 mCi) at 7.4 X 10(8) Bq g-1 (20 mCi g-1) for carbon dioxide, 1.4 X 10(8) Bq (3.8 mCi) at 3.7 X 10(10) Bq g-1 (1 Ci g-1) for cyclohexane, and 7.4 X 10(8) Bq (20 mCi) at 3.7 X 10(10) Bq g-1 (1 Ci g-1) for glacial acetic acid.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007202	Indicators and Reagents	Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)	Indicator,Reagent,Reagents,Indicators,Reagents and Indicators
D010169	Palmitic Acids	A group of 16-carbon fatty acids that contain no double bonds.	Acids, Palmitic
D010315	Particle Accelerators	Devices which accelerate electrically charged atomic or subatomic particles, such as electrons, protons or ions, to high velocities so they have high kinetic energy.	Betatrons,Linear Accelerators,Accelerator, Linear,Accelerator, Particle,Accelerators, Linear,Accelerators, Particle,Betatron,Linear Accelerator,Particle Accelerator
D011877	Radionuclide Imaging	The production of an image obtained by cameras that detect the radioactive emissions of an injected radionuclide as it has distributed differentially throughout tissues in the body. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph.	Gamma Camera Imaging,Radioisotope Scanning,Scanning, Radioisotope,Scintigraphy,Scintiphotography,Imaging, Gamma Camera,Imaging, Radionuclide
D002245	Carbon Dioxide	A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.	Carbonic Anhydride,Anhydride, Carbonic,Dioxide, Carbon
D002247	Carbon Isotopes	Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.	Carbon Isotope,Isotope, Carbon,Isotopes, Carbon
D003510	Cyclohexanes	Six-carbon alicyclic hydrocarbons.
D004583	Electrons	Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.	Fast Electrons,Negatrons,Positrons,Electron,Electron, Fast,Electrons, Fast,Fast Electron,Negatron,Positron
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000085	Acetates	Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.	Acetate,Acetic Acid Esters,Acetic Acids,Acids, Acetic,Esters, Acetic Acid