-transparent.png){kind=logo}
Peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS) fragments were purified from cell walls of group D streptococci (Streptococcus faecium, strains ATCC 9790 and F-24) with a protocol which minimizes autolytic activity and tested for ability to induce arthritis in rats. PG-PS fragments from cell walls of other normal flora bacteria (Peptostreptococcus productus, and Propionibacterium acnes), group A streptococci, and pseudomurein-PS fragments from cell walls of Methanobacterium formicicum, were similarly purified and tested. Upon intraarticular injection into rat ankles, all PG-PS polymers induced acute inflammation; pseudomurein-PS fragments were approximately five times less active than the PG-PS preparations. After intraperitoneal injection, P. acnes PG-PS induced a minimal acute arthritis, Peptostreptococcus productus PG-PS induced a moderately severe acute joint inflammation followed by a mild chronic arthritis, and both group A and group D streptococcal PG-PS induced severe acute arthritis which evolved into chronic, erosive joint disease; pseudomurein-PS fragments were without effect, consistent with a crucial role for the PG moiety of PG-PS. Chronic arthritis induced by group D streptococcal PG-PS subsided after 60 days, whereas that induced by group A streptococcal PG-PS was still active after 128 days. The arthropathic properties of this modest number of common normal flora bacteria suggest that different PG-PS structures derived from the normal flora have the potential to induce a wide range of responses, from transient acute to chronic erosive joint disease.
S A Stimpson, and
R R Brown, and
S K Anderle, and
D G Klapper, and
R L Clark, and
W J Cromartie, and
J H Schwab
November 1993,
Infection and immunity,
S A Stimpson, and
R R Brown, and
S K Anderle, and
D G Klapper, and
R L Clark, and
W J Cromartie, and
J H Schwab
November 1970,
The American journal of clinical nutrition,
S A Stimpson, and
R R Brown, and
S K Anderle, and
D G Klapper, and
R L Clark, and
W J Cromartie, and
J H Schwab
March 1982,
Infection and immunity,
S A Stimpson, and
R R Brown, and
S K Anderle, and
D G Klapper, and
R L Clark, and
W J Cromartie, and
J H Schwab
October 1992,
Inflammation,
S A Stimpson, and
R R Brown, and
S K Anderle, and
D G Klapper, and
R L Clark, and
W J Cromartie, and
J H Schwab
December 1988,
Clinical and experimental immunology,
S A Stimpson, and
R R Brown, and
S K Anderle, and
D G Klapper, and
R L Clark, and
W J Cromartie, and
J H Schwab
April 1992,
Annals of the rheumatic diseases,
S A Stimpson, and
R R Brown, and
S K Anderle, and
D G Klapper, and
R L Clark, and
W J Cromartie, and
J H Schwab
March 1958,
Annales de l'Institut Pasteur,
S A Stimpson, and
R R Brown, and
S K Anderle, and
D G Klapper, and
R L Clark, and
W J Cromartie, and
J H Schwab
August 2008,
Medizinische Monatsschrift fur Pharmazeuten,
S A Stimpson, and
R R Brown, and
S K Anderle, and
D G Klapper, and
R L Clark, and
W J Cromartie, and
J H Schwab
October 1986,
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy,
S A Stimpson, and
R R Brown, and
S K Anderle, and
D G Klapper, and
R L Clark, and
W J Cromartie, and
J H Schwab
January 1967,
Journal of bacteriology,
