Celiac disease was diagnosed by jejunal biopsy and response to gluten elimination in 11 of 23 children with short stature referred after negative endocrine evaluation. The mean age of the group was 11 years, with a range of 5-16. All had been followed for a mean of 2.5 years at a large pediatric endocrine clinic for the evaluation of growth retardation. Bone age retardation of more than 25 percent of the chronologic age was found in all children. Microcytic anemia and past history of gastrointestinal problems were typical of the celiac group but were not documented in the nonceliac patients. Stool fat excretion was a specific but insensitive test, while the 1-hour blood xylose test was of no value in differentiating between the two groups. Close cooperation between pediatric endocrinology and gastroenterology clinics may be fruitful in the identification of celiac patients, especially in a group of older children with short stature, bone age retardation, and microcytic anemia.