-transparent.png){kind=logo}
To test the hypothesis that 2-phenylethylamine (PEA) modulates affect, plasma levels and urinary excretion of its main metabolite, phenylacetic acid (PAA), were studied in depressed and manic subjects, and the mood-elevating effects of its precursor, L-phenylalanine, were studied in depressed subjects. Mean total plasma PAA concentrations were 491.83 +/- 232.84 ng/ml in 12 healthy volunteers and 300.33 +/- 197.44 ng/ml in 23 drug-free patients with major depression. The 24-hour urinary PAA excretion was also measured in 48 healthy volunteers (141.1 +/- 10.2 mg PAA/24 hr) and in 144 patients with major depression (78.2 +/- 41.0 mg PAA/24 hr). The results suggest that low plasma and urinary PAA may be state markers for depression and are compatible with the PEA hypothesis. In further support, phenylalanine elevated mood in 31 of 40 depressives.
H C Sabelli, and
J Fawcett, and
F Gusovsky, and
J I Javaid, and
P Wynn, and
J Edwards, and
H Jeffriess, and
H Kravitz
January 1991,
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry,
H C Sabelli, and
J Fawcett, and
F Gusovsky, and
J I Javaid, and
P Wynn, and
J Edwards, and
H Jeffriess, and
H Kravitz
June 1974,
The American journal of psychiatry,
H C Sabelli, and
J Fawcett, and
F Gusovsky, and
J I Javaid, and
P Wynn, and
J Edwards, and
H Jeffriess, and
H Kravitz
January 1978,
Communications in psychopharmacology,
H C Sabelli, and
J Fawcett, and
F Gusovsky, and
J I Javaid, and
P Wynn, and
J Edwards, and
H Jeffriess, and
H Kravitz
January 1980,
Psychopharmacology bulletin,
H C Sabelli, and
J Fawcett, and
F Gusovsky, and
J I Javaid, and
P Wynn, and
J Edwards, and
H Jeffriess, and
H Kravitz
August 2020,
ACS applied bio materials,
H C Sabelli, and
J Fawcett, and
F Gusovsky, and
J I Javaid, and
P Wynn, and
J Edwards, and
H Jeffriess, and
H Kravitz
January 1984,
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry,
H C Sabelli, and
J Fawcett, and
F Gusovsky, and
J I Javaid, and
P Wynn, and
J Edwards, and
H Jeffriess, and
H Kravitz
January 1983,
Archiv fur Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten,
H C Sabelli, and
J Fawcett, and
F Gusovsky, and
J I Javaid, and
P Wynn, and
J Edwards, and
H Jeffriess, and
H Kravitz
September 1983,
Canadian journal of microbiology,
H C Sabelli, and
J Fawcett, and
F Gusovsky, and
J I Javaid, and
P Wynn, and
J Edwards, and
H Jeffriess, and
H Kravitz
January 1979,
Psychopharmacology,
H C Sabelli, and
J Fawcett, and
F Gusovsky, and
J I Javaid, and
P Wynn, and
J Edwards, and
H Jeffriess, and
H Kravitz
February 1986,
The American journal of psychiatry,
