Biomaterial Database

Synthesis of large subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase by thylakoid-bound polyribosomes from spinach chloroplasts. 1986

T Hattori, and M M Margulies

Intact chloroplasts were isolated from developing first leaves of spinach. The chloroplasts were broken and separated into an extensively washed membrane (thylakoid) fraction and a soluble (stroma) fraction. The membrane fraction contained polyribosomes with properties similar to those of thylakoid-bound polyribosomes of other organisms. The distribution of mRNA for large-subunit ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (LS) was determined by translating RNA from chloroplasts, thylakoids, and stroma in a wheat germ cell-free translation system. LS translation product was identified by immunoprecipitation with antibody to LS from spinach, electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitated product, and fluorography. At least 44% of translatable chloroplast LS-mRNA was in the washed thylakoid fraction. Thylakoid-bound LS-mRNA was in polyribosomes since LS was produced by thylakoids in an Escherichia coli cell-free translation system under conditions where initiation did not take place. Our results demonstrate that membrane-bound polyribosomes can synthesize the stroma-localized polypeptide LS, and suggest that the thylakoids may be an important site of its synthesis.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008565	Membrane Proteins	Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.	Cell Membrane Protein,Cell Membrane Proteins,Cell Surface Protein,Cell Surface Proteins,Integral Membrane Proteins,Membrane-Associated Protein,Surface Protein,Surface Proteins,Integral Membrane Protein,Membrane Protein,Membrane-Associated Proteins,Membrane Associated Protein,Membrane Associated Proteins,Membrane Protein, Cell,Membrane Protein, Integral,Membrane Proteins, Integral,Protein, Cell Membrane,Protein, Cell Surface,Protein, Integral Membrane,Protein, Membrane,Protein, Membrane-Associated,Protein, Surface,Proteins, Cell Membrane,Proteins, Cell Surface,Proteins, Integral Membrane,Proteins, Membrane,Proteins, Membrane-Associated,Proteins, Surface,Surface Protein, Cell
D011132	Polyribosomes	A multiribosomal structure representing a linear array of RIBOSOMES held together by messenger RNA; (RNA, MESSENGER); They represent the active complexes in cellular protein synthesis and are able to incorporate amino acids into polypeptides both in vivo and in vitro. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)	Polysomes,Polyribosome,Polysome
D011232	Chemical Precipitation	The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.	Precipitation, Chemical
D002736	Chloroplasts	Plant cell inclusion bodies that contain the photosynthetic pigment CHLOROPHYLL, which is associated with the membrane of THYLAKOIDS. Chloroplasts occur in cells of leaves and young stems of plants. They are also found in some forms of PHYTOPLANKTON such as HAPTOPHYTA; DINOFLAGELLATES; DIATOMS; and CRYPTOPHYTA.	Chloroplast,Etioplasts,Etioplast
D012273	Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase	A carboxy-lyase that plays a key role in photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the CALVIN-BENSON CYCLE by catalyzing the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate from ribulose 1,5-biphosphate and CARBON DIOXIDE. It can also utilize OXYGEN as a substrate to catalyze the synthesis of 2-phosphoglycolate and 3-phosphoglycerate in a process referred to as photorespiration.	Carboxydismutase,Ribulose Biphosphate Carboxylase-Oxygenase,Ribulose Diphosphate Carboxylase,Ribulosebiphosphate Carboxylase,Rubisco,1,5-Biphosphate Carboxylase-Oxygenase,Ribulose Biphosphate Carboxylase,Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase,Ribulose-1,5-Biphosphate Carboxylase,Ribulose-1,5-Biphosphate Carboxylase-Oxygenase,Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Small-Subunit,Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Large Subunit,Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Small Subunit,Rubisco Small Subunit,1,5 Biphosphate Carboxylase Oxygenase,Biphosphate Carboxylase-Oxygenase, Ribulose,Carboxylase Small-Subunit, Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate,Carboxylase, Ribulose Bisphosphate,Carboxylase, Ribulose Diphosphate,Carboxylase, Ribulose-1,5-Biphosphate,Carboxylase, Ribulose-Bisphosphate,Carboxylase, Ribulosebiphosphate,Carboxylase-Oxygenase, 1,5-Biphosphate,Carboxylase-Oxygenase, Ribulose Biphosphate,Carboxylase-Oxygenase, Ribulose-1,5-Biphosphate,Diphosphate Carboxylase, Ribulose,Ribulose 1,5 Biphosphate Carboxylase,Ribulose 1,5 Biphosphate Carboxylase Oxygenase,Ribulose 1,5 Bisphosphate Carboxylase Small Subunit,Ribulose Biphosphate Carboxylase Oxygenase,Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Large Subunit,Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Small Subunit,Small Subunit, Rubisco,Small-Subunit, Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase
D012333	RNA, Messenger	RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.	Messenger RNA,Messenger RNA, Polyadenylated,Poly(A) Tail,Poly(A)+ RNA,Poly(A)+ mRNA,RNA, Messenger, Polyadenylated,RNA, Polyadenylated,mRNA,mRNA, Non-Polyadenylated,mRNA, Polyadenylated,Non-Polyadenylated mRNA,Poly(A) RNA,Polyadenylated mRNA,Non Polyadenylated mRNA,Polyadenylated Messenger RNA,Polyadenylated RNA,RNA, Polyadenylated Messenger,mRNA, Non Polyadenylated
D014176	Protein Biosynthesis	The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.	Genetic Translation,Peptide Biosynthesis, Ribosomal,Protein Translation,Translation, Genetic,Protein Biosynthesis, Ribosomal,Protein Synthesis, Ribosomal,Ribosomal Peptide Biosynthesis,mRNA Translation,Biosynthesis, Protein,Biosynthesis, Ribosomal Peptide,Biosynthesis, Ribosomal Protein,Genetic Translations,Ribosomal Protein Biosynthesis,Ribosomal Protein Synthesis,Synthesis, Ribosomal Protein,Translation, Protein,Translation, mRNA,mRNA Translations
D014357	Trypsin	A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.	Tripcellim,Trypure,beta-Trypsin,beta Trypsin
D014675	Vegetables	A food group comprised of EDIBLE PLANTS or their parts.	Vegetable
D066298	In Vitro Techniques	Methods to study reactions or processes taking place in an artificial environment outside the living organism.	In Vitro Test,In Vitro Testing,In Vitro Tests,In Vitro as Topic,In Vitro,In Vitro Technique,In Vitro Testings,Technique, In Vitro,Techniques, In Vitro,Test, In Vitro,Testing, In Vitro,Testings, In Vitro,Tests, In Vitro,Vitro Testing, In