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After establishing optimal conditions for measuring the membrane lipid packing density ("fluidity") of chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes, the fluidity was modulated in vitro by incubation in cholesterol or phospholipid ("active lipid", AL)-enriched serum-free tissue culture medium. The effect of these lipids on mitogen responsiveness was then investigated, the aim being to determine whether the observed enhancement/suppression was membrane mediated, i.e. explainable by fluidity changes. Chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes exhibited no requirement for exogenous cholesterol; low concentrations did not affect the mitogen response while the higher concentrations, which induced a measurable decrease in membrane fluidity, were usually mildly suppressive. Pre-incubation did not increase this suppressive effect and we believe it not to be membrane mediated. AL, at low concentrations which induced no changes in membrane fluidity, prolonged the phytohemagglutinin response, enhancement being evident only after the peak; we interpret this as a nutrient effect. At the higher concentrations, which induced large increases in fluidity, a transient enhancement was followed by suppression; suppression was delayed in onset when AL was added 4 h after phytohemagglutinin stimulation. It is therefore an early event which may be mediated through changes in membrane fluidity.
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