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Ultrasonic lithotripsy has been applied widely to the percutaneous removal of upper tract calculi. The high noise levels generated by ultrasonic lithotriptors during clinical use have raised some concern among endourologists. In this study sound level measurements of all 3 commercially available ultrasonic lithotriptors were obtained in the audiology laboratory and operating room. In all circumstances the maximum noise levels recorded (103 dBA. or less) for the time of exposure that would be encountered in the clinical setting of ultrasonic lithotripsy never exceeded safe levels. We concluded that the routine use of ultrasonic lithotriptors does not present a hazard to the hearing of normal individuals.
C M Teigland, and
R V Clayman, and
H N Winfield, and
R J Roeser
February 1994,
British journal of urology,
C M Teigland, and
R V Clayman, and
H N Winfield, and
R J Roeser
September 2001,
Actas urologicas espanolas,
C M Teigland, and
R V Clayman, and
H N Winfield, and
R J Roeser
October 1984,
AJR. American journal of roentgenology,
C M Teigland, and
R V Clayman, and
H N Winfield, and
R J Roeser
May 1984,
Urology,
C M Teigland, and
R V Clayman, and
H N Winfield, and
R J Roeser
January 1984,
Urologic radiology,
C M Teigland, and
R V Clayman, and
H N Winfield, and
R J Roeser
June 1984,
Radiologic clinics of North America,
C M Teigland, and
R V Clayman, and
H N Winfield, and
R J Roeser
August 1988,
The Urologic clinics of North America,
C M Teigland, and
R V Clayman, and
H N Winfield, and
R J Roeser
January 1974,
Investigative urology,
C M Teigland, and
R V Clayman, and
H N Winfield, and
R J Roeser
January 1988,
International urology and nephrology,
C M Teigland, and
R V Clayman, and
H N Winfield, and
R J Roeser
April 2004,
Zhonghua lao dong wei sheng zhi ye bing za zhi = Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi = Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases,
