Visual perception and image display terminals. 1986

H L Kundel

It should be clear that there is no prescription for an ideal picture terminal or for an ideal image work station. Image informativeness, the ability to transmit the relevant diagnostic information to the viewer, is the most important medical consideration that has an impact on the individual patient, but short of doing extensive observer performance studies, there is no way of being absolutely sure that any given display method is transmitting visual information optimally. Certain principles are clear, however. Pixel clutter should be eliminated, and stochastic noise should be minimized. Contrast should be maximized, but there must be a rational relationship between the intensity of the stored image and the luminance of the displayed image. In my opinion, there should be a monotonically increasing relationship. Cross-sectional images and projection images, especially those of large body parts such as the chest, may not be analogous with regard to the method for contrast enhancement. Windowing, which works well for cross-sectional images, may produce bizarre appearances in projection images because of the nonlinearities in image intensity that are caused by overlapping structures. There is little objective information about the best format for displaying single images of large body parts or multiple images of any type. Although the development of picture terminals will undoubtedly be driven by economics and by the available technology, it might prove very fruitful to make the effort required to define the specifications for a picture terminal on the basis of the optimal transfer of visual information. Fortunately, people are highly adaptable and can learn to use almost anything to their advantage, but it would be a pity if digital image readers of the future have to decide which terminal or station is best on the basis of image aesthetics rather than diagnostic performance.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011856 Radiographic Image Enhancement Improvement in the quality of an x-ray image by use of an intensifying screen, tube, or filter and by optimum exposure techniques. Digital processing methods are often employed. Digital Radiography,Image Enhancement, Radiographic,Radiography, Digital,Enhancement, Radiographic Image,Enhancements, Radiographic Image,Image Enhancements, Radiographic,Radiographic Image Enhancements
D011871 Radiology A specialty concerned with the use of x-ray and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
D003201 Computers Programmable electronic devices designed to accept data, perform prescribed mathematical and logical operations at high speed, and display the results of these operations. Calculators, Programmable,Computer Hardware,Computers, Digital,Hardware, Computer,Calculator, Programmable,Computer,Computer, Digital,Digital Computer,Digital Computers,Programmable Calculator,Programmable Calculators
D003626 Data Display The visual representation of data via a manufactured system. Information Display,Data Displays,Display, Data,Display, Information,Displays, Data,Displays, Information,Information Displays
D014796 Visual Perception The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience. Visual Processing,Perception, Visual,Processing, Visual

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