The authors evaluated the use of the spot indole test for rapid speciation of swarming Proteus from the primary isolation plate. One hundred seventy-two consecutive isolates of swarming Proteus were studied, 163 Proteus mirabilis and nine Proteus vulgaris. One hundred fifty-six isolates (95.7%) of Proteus mirabilis gave a negative spot indole. Seven (4.3%) gave a positive spot indole test, but all seven isolates were from cultures in which other indole-producing organisms also were present. If only isolates representing single gram-negative strains in the specimens were tested, the predictive value was greater than 99%. Eight of the nine (88.9%) Proteus vulgaris isolates gave a positive spot indole test; one (11.1%) gave a negative result. This isolate also failed to produce indole by conventional methods but was ornithine decarboxylase negative, and additional biochemical testing was consistent with the Proteus vulgaris identification. All Proteus vulgaris isolates were resistant to ampicillin, and 94.2% of the Proteus mirabilis tested were ampicillin susceptible. The spot indole test is a rapid, accurate, simple, and cost-effective means of speciating swarming Proteus strains isolated as the only gram-negative bacilli in a specimen. The spot indole test should be used in conjunction with an ampicillin susceptibility test result or other confirmatory test information if other gram-negative bacilli are present in the culture.