Biomaterial Database

Hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride in the treatment of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. 1985

U Alon, and J C Chan

The effects of treatment with hydrochlorothiazide combined with amiloride were compared to hydrochlorothiazide treatment alone in 2 brothers with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Whereas both modalities of treatment resulted in reduction in voiding frequency and urine volume, decrease in daily fluid intake and increase in urine osmolality, the two-drug combination was found to be superior to hydrochlorothiazide alone by preventing urinary potassium losses, hypokalemia, and alkalosis. It was also found that amiloride had a certain additive effect to the thiazide in terms of increasing initial urinary sodium excretion, reducing urine volume and free water clearance, and lowering serum sodium concentration and osmolality. Similar comparison of the hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride regimen to treatment with the hydrochlorothiazide-tolmetin combination in 1 of the patients revealed that the effectiveness of both diuretic modalities was close with slight advantage of the former. Treatment of the 2 patients for 10 months with hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride showed no adverse effects and consistent reduction in fluid intake and urine volume. It is concluded that the hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride regimen is superior to hydrochlorothiazide alone and can be a satisfactory alternative to the hydrochlorothiazide-prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor combination in the treatment of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007008	Hypokalemia	Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	Hypopotassemia,Hypokalemias,Hypopotassemias
D007684	Kidney Tubules	Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.	Kidney Tubule,Tubule, Kidney,Tubules, Kidney
D008297	Male		Males
D011719	Pyrazines	A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.	Pyrazine
D001835	Body Weight	The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	Body Weights,Weight, Body,Weights, Body
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D003919	Diabetes Insipidus	A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.
D004359	Drug Therapy, Combination	Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.	Combination Chemotherapy,Polychemotherapy,Chemotherapy, Combination,Combination Drug Therapy,Drug Polytherapy,Therapy, Combination Drug,Chemotherapies, Combination,Combination Chemotherapies,Combination Drug Therapies,Drug Polytherapies,Drug Therapies, Combination,Polychemotherapies,Polytherapies, Drug,Polytherapy, Drug,Therapies, Combination Drug
D005500	Follow-Up Studies	Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.	Followup Studies,Follow Up Studies,Follow-Up Study,Followup Study,Studies, Follow-Up,Studies, Followup,Study, Follow-Up,Study, Followup
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man