-transparent.png){kind=logo}
In 43 patients (81 eyes) with blepharospasm resistant to other forms of therapy, 149 outpatient injections of botulinum A toxin were given into the orbicularis oculi muscle. Subsequent follow-up periods ranged from ten to 210 days. Orbicularis oculi spasm, eyelid forced closure, and eyebrow spasm all decreased substantially over the first ten days following the initial injection. Patients with essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, or previous surgery all responded in a similar fashion. This beneficial effect was transient, however, and additional treatment was required for sustained relief. Twenty-five patients received multiple injections with a mean interval of 65 days. Results of second and third injections were similar to the first in rapidity of onset and duration of effect. Complications were local, mild, and transient, and no systemic side effects were noted.
E A Tsoy, and
E G Buckley, and
J J Dutton
January 1996,
Revista do Hospital das Clinicas,
E A Tsoy, and
E G Buckley, and
J J Dutton
January 1990,
Medicina,
E A Tsoy, and
E G Buckley, and
J J Dutton
September 1989,
Mayo Clinic proceedings,
E A Tsoy, and
E G Buckley, and
J J Dutton
January 1991,
Archivos de neurobiologia,
E A Tsoy, and
E G Buckley, and
J J Dutton
January 1991,
Archivos de neurobiologia,
E A Tsoy, and
E G Buckley, and
J J Dutton
January 1988,
Advances in neurology,
E A Tsoy, and
E G Buckley, and
J J Dutton
December 1987,
Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO,
E A Tsoy, and
E G Buckley, and
J J Dutton
April 2000,
Muscle & nerve,
E A Tsoy, and
E G Buckley, and
J J Dutton
October 1986,
Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde,
E A Tsoy, and
E G Buckley, and
J J Dutton
January 1988,
Orvosi hetilap,
