Although endometriosis accounts for 15 to 20% of all gynecologic laparotomies, ureteral obstruction secondary to this disease has received little attention. This may be partly the result of diagnostic difficulties secondary to the unusual symptoms and atypical age groups of the patients. Five cases of obstructive uropathy caused by endometriosis are reported. Each case was documented by urologic evaluation as well as excretory urograms, surgical exploration, and histologic confirmation. All patients had significant radiographic and laboratory renal compromise, including marked degrees of hydronephrosis. Follow-up included excretory urograms obtained in all cases, which showed cure of original symptoms with radiographic improvement in four of five patients, whereas one patient developed chronic renal failure and hypertension. The present report suggests that with thorough preoperative assessment of the urinary tract, including contrast radiography in select cases of pelvic pathology, curative gynecologic and urologic surgery can be performed.