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The genotoxic effect of multilamellar lipid vesicles (MLV) was analysed on cultured heteroploid and diploid human cells. Dose-dependent reduction of cell survival and mitotic rate as well as induction of chromosome aberrations were observed. Chromatid and chromosome breaks and chromatid exchanges were found in 24-h culture after liposome treatment, whereas chromosome rearrangements were prevalent at 48 h. Neutral (PC/Chol) and positive (PC/SA) MLV showed a greater damage than negative (PS/PC; PS) MLV. Fibroblasts were the most sensitive cell type. In the case of PC/Chol MLV vesicles, control experiments with PC and Chol of controlled purity ruled out the possibility that the observed chromosome aberrations were caused by toxic oxidation products present in commercial preparations.
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