Biomaterial Database

Prevention of cataract development in severely galactosemic rats by the aldose reductase inhibitor, tolrestat. 1985

N Simard-Duquesne, and E Greselin, and R Gonzalez, and D Dvornik

With a fixed time period of galactose feeding, the rate of appearance of lenticular opacities depended on the severity of galactosemia, while with a fixed amount of galactose fed, the rate was time dependent. The capacity of tolrestat, a structurally novel inhibitor of aldose reductase (AR), to control cataract development was assessed in rats fed 30-50% galactose with the diet for 7 to 277 days. In rats fed 30% galactose for 31 days, the controlling effect of tolrestat was dose dependent, and no cataracts were detected at a dose of 35 mg/kg/day. In rats given tolrestat with the diet for 14 days, then rendered severely galactosemic with a diet containing 50% galactose, and subjected to continued treatment with tolrestat at a dose of 43 mg/kg/day, no changes were detected by slit-lamp microscopy after 207 days. The preventive effect was also dose dependent. In view of the established similarity in the pathogenesis of galactosemic and diabetic cataracts, the results obtained with tolrestat support its potential for controlling cataract development in diabetics.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007908	Lens, Crystalline	A transparent, biconvex structure of the EYE, enclosed in a capsule and situated behind the IRIS and in front of the vitreous humor (VITREOUS BODY). It is slightly overlapped at its margin by the ciliary processes. Adaptation by the CILIARY BODY is crucial for OCULAR ACCOMMODATION.	Eye Lens,Lens, Eye,Crystalline Lens
D008297	Male		Males
D009281	Naphthalenes	Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics.
D002386	Cataract	Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	Cataract, Membranous,Lens Opacities,Pseudoaphakia,Cataracts,Cataracts, Membranous,Lens Opacity,Membranous Cataract,Membranous Cataracts,Opacities, Lens,Opacity, Lens,Pseudoaphakias
D004305	Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.	Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D004376	Galactitol	A naturally occurring product of plants obtained following reduction of GALACTOSE. It appears as a white crystalline powder with a slight sweet taste. It may form in excess in the lens of the eye in GALACTOSEMIAS, a deficiency of GALACTOKINASE.	Dulcitol
D005690	Galactose	An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood.	D-Galactose,Galactopyranose,Galactopyranoside,D Galactose
D005693	Galactosemias	A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)	Galactokinase Deficiency Disease,Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyl-Transferase Deficiency Disease,UDPglucose 4-Epimerase Deficiency Disease,Classic Galactosemia,Deficiency Disease, Galactokinase,Deficiency Disease, Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyl-Transferase,Deficiency Disease, UDP-Galactose-4-Epimerase,Deficiency Disease, UDPglucose 4-Epimerase,Epimerase Deficiency Galactosemia,GALE Deficiency,GALK Deficiency,GALT Deficiency,Galactokinase Deficiency,Galactose Epimerase Deficiency,Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase Deficiency,Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase Deficiency,Galactosemia,Galactosemia 2,Galactosemia 3,Galactosemia III,Galactosemia, Classic,Hereditary Galactokinase Deficiency,UDP-Galactose-4-Epimerase Deficiency,UDP-Galactose-4-Epimerase Deficiency Disease,UDPGlucose Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase Deficiency,UTP Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase Deficiency,UTP-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase Deficiency Disease,Classic Galactosemias,Deficiencies, GALE,Deficiencies, GALK,Deficiencies, GALT,Deficiencies, Galactokinase,Deficiencies, Galactose Epimerase,Deficiencies, Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase,Deficiencies, Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase,Deficiencies, Hereditary Galactokinase,Deficiencies, UDP-Galactose-4-Epimerase,Deficiency Disease, Galactose 1 Phosphate Uridyl Transferase,Deficiency Disease, UDP Galactose 4 Epimerase,Deficiency Disease, UDPglucose 4 Epimerase,Deficiency Diseases, UDP-Galactose-4-Epimerase,Deficiency Galactosemia, Epimerase,Deficiency Galactosemias, Epimerase,Deficiency, GALE,Deficiency, GALK,Deficiency, GALT,Deficiency, Galactokinase,Deficiency, Galactose Epimerase,Deficiency, Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase,Deficiency, Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase,Deficiency, Hereditary Galactokinase,Deficiency, UDP-Galactose-4-Epimerase,Epimerase Deficiency Galactosemias,GALE Deficiencies,GALK Deficiencies,GALT Deficiencies,Galactokinase Deficiencies,Galactokinase Deficiencies, Hereditary,Galactokinase Deficiency Diseases,Galactokinase Deficiency, Hereditary,Galactose 1 Phosphate Uridyl Transferase Deficiency Disease,Galactose 1 Phosphate Uridyltransferase Deficiency,Galactose 1 Phosphate Uridylyltransferase Deficiency,Galactose Epimerase Deficiencies,Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase Deficiencies,Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase Deficiencies,Galactosemia 2s,Galactosemia 3s,Galactosemia IIIs,Galactosemia, Epimerase Deficiency,Galactosemias, Classic,Galactosemias, Epimerase Deficiency,Hereditary Galactokinase Deficiencies,UDP Galactose 4 Epimerase Deficiency,UDP Galactose 4 Epimerase Deficiency Disease,UDP-Galactose-4-Epimerase Deficiencies,UDP-Galactose-4-Epimerase Deficiency Diseases,UDPGlucose Hexose 1 Phosphate Uridylyltransferase Deficiency,UDPglucose 4 Epimerase Deficiency Disease,UTP Hexose 1 Phosphate Uridylyltransferase Deficiency,UTP Hexose 1 Phosphate Uridylyltransferase Deficiency Disease,Uridyltransferase Deficiencies, Galactose-1-Phosphate,Uridyltransferase Deficiency, Galactose-1-Phosphate,Uridylyltransferase Deficiencies, Galactose-1-Phosphate,Uridylyltransferase Deficiency, Galactose-1-Phosphate
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia