A practical method for staging metamorphosis in the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum. 1985

M F Norman

The aim of this study was to develop a set of practical metamorphic stages for the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum that would 1) provide an early and quantifiable marker of the onset of metamorphosis and 2) not be dependent on knowledge of maximal values of gill length or tail height. Twenty morphological parameters were obtained from Ambystoma tigrinum larvae as they progressed through laboratory-induced metamorphosis (21 degrees C, continuous light). These parameters included measures of body weight, gill length, and tail height. Initiation or duration of metamorphosis could not be predicted when parameters were expressed relative to the number of days larvae were held in laboratory conditions. Early phases of metamorphosis were characterized by regression of the lower tail fin. Selected morphological parameters were expressed relative to the day on which each subject exhibited complete regression of the lower fin. This technique made it possible to order these parameters into a progressive series of metamorphic phases. Seven stages of metamorphosis were derived from this series, ranging from larvae (stage I) to complete regression of the gills (stage VII). Application of these stages does not require prior knowledge of maximal (initial) values of gill length or tail height.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008675 Metamorphosis, Biological Profound physical changes during maturation of living organisms from the immature forms to the adult forms, such as from TADPOLES to frogs; caterpillars to BUTTERFLIES. Biological Metamorphosis,Biological Metamorphoses,Metamorphoses, Biological
D008722 Methods A series of steps taken in order to conduct research. Techniques,Methodological Studies,Methodological Study,Procedures,Studies, Methodological,Study, Methodological,Method,Procedure,Technique
D000557 Ambystoma A genus of the Ambystomatidae family. The best known species are the axolotl AMBYSTOMA MEXICANUM and the closely related tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum. They may retain gills and remain aquatic without developing all of the adult characteristics. However, under proper changes in the environment they metamorphose. Amblystoma,Ambystoma tigrinum,Tiger Salamander,Amblystomas,Ambystomas,Salamander, Tiger,Salamanders, Tiger,Tiger Salamanders
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013223 Statistics as Topic Works about the science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variation. Area Analysis,Estimation Technics,Estimation Techniques,Indirect Estimation Technics,Indirect Estimation Techniques,Multiple Classification Analysis,Service Statistics,Statistical Study,Statistics, Service,Tables and Charts as Topic,Analyses, Area,Analyses, Multiple Classification,Area Analyses,Classification Analyses, Multiple,Classification Analysis, Multiple,Estimation Technic, Indirect,Estimation Technics, Indirect,Estimation Technique,Estimation Technique, Indirect,Estimation Techniques, Indirect,Indirect Estimation Technic,Indirect Estimation Technique,Multiple Classification Analyses,Statistical Studies,Studies, Statistical,Study, Statistical,Technic, Indirect Estimation,Technics, Estimation,Technics, Indirect Estimation,Technique, Estimation,Technique, Indirect Estimation,Techniques, Estimation,Techniques, Indirect Estimation
D013997 Time Factors Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations. Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor

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