Strain gauge measurement of mesokinetic movement in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus. 1985

K K Smith, and W L Hylander

Single-element strain gauges were placed across the mesokinetic joint of the skull of the savanna monitor lizard, Varanus exanthematicus Bosc, in order to document the extent and timing of mesokinetic movement. In addition, rosette strain gauges were placed on various points of the palato-maxillary segment. Strain recordings and simultaneous cineradiographic films or videotapes were taken during normal feeding activities, including the strike, prey manipulation, ingestion and pharyngeal compression. Tensile strain, indicating lowering (retraction) of the palato-maxillary segment, was observed during all stages of feeding. Compressive strain, indicating lifting (protraction) of the palato-maxillary segment, generally appeared briefly in the strike and during pharyngeal compression. Maximum tensile strains were always larger than maximum compressive strains within each sequence. The highest levels of tensile strain occurred during prey manipulation periods, which were characterized by isometric biting. Strain on the palato-maxillary segment revealed a pattern of timing similar to the one at the mesokinetic joint, although strain levels were at least an order of magnitude lower. These data directly contradict conventional models of the function of the kinetic skull in lizards. We conclude that the kinetic apparatus in lizards is not a mechanism for actively moving the palato-maxillary unit and is therefore not a mechanism for increasing gape or actively controlling upper jaw movements.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007698 Kinesis Locomotor behavior not involving a steering reaction, but in which there may be a turning random in direction. It includes orthokinesis, the rate of movement and klinokinesis, the amount of turning, which are related to the intensity of stimulation. Kineses
D008116 Lizards Reptiles within the order Squamata that generally possess limbs, moveable EYELIDS, and EXTERNAL EAR openings, although there are some species which lack one or more of these structures. Chameleons,Geckos,Chameleon,Gecko,Lizard
D009043 Motor Activity Body movements of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon. Activities, Motor,Activity, Motor,Motor Activities
D009949 Orientation Awareness of oneself in relation to time, place and person. Cognitive Orientation,Mental Orientation,Psychological Orientation,Cognitive Orientations,Mental Orientations,Orientation, Cognitive,Orientation, Mental,Orientation, Psychological,Orientations,Orientations, Cognitive,Orientations, Mental,Orientations, Psychological,Psychological Orientations
D005247 Feeding Behavior Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals. Dietary Habits,Eating Behavior,Faith-based Dietary Restrictions,Feeding Patterns,Feeding-Related Behavior,Food Habits,Diet Habits,Eating Habits,Behavior, Eating,Behavior, Feeding,Behavior, Feeding-Related,Behaviors, Eating,Behaviors, Feeding,Behaviors, Feeding-Related,Diet Habit,Dietary Habit,Dietary Restriction, Faith-based,Dietary Restrictions, Faith-based,Eating Behaviors,Eating Habit,Faith based Dietary Restrictions,Faith-based Dietary Restriction,Feeding Behaviors,Feeding Pattern,Feeding Related Behavior,Feeding-Related Behaviors,Food Habit,Habit, Diet,Habit, Dietary,Habit, Eating,Habit, Food,Habits, Diet,Pattern, Feeding,Patterns, Feeding,Restrictions, Faith-based Dietary
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia

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