In this concluding installment in a multipart series, issues that should be considered in the improvement of hospital pharmacy purchasing and inventory control systems are presented. Pharmacists must be aware of possible variation in bioavailability among different formulations of the same drug and evaluate new vendors critically. Hospital pharmacists and industry representatives should strive for a cooperative relationship by fostering ongoing dialogue. Pharmacists must continue to demand competitive bid prices on generically equivalent products of equal quality. Firm contact prices cannot be expected if product use estimates are unreliable. It is unethical to encourage additional price reductions on competitive products after a formal bid has been received. Institutions should limit their participation to one group purchasing organization or wholesaler for the competitive bid process. Inventory management through methods such as ABC analysis, economic-order quantities, calculated optimum reorder points, and other quantitative measurements should become commonplace. The use of data processing systems and devices can enable pharmacists to become more proficient at pharmaceutical purchasing and inventory control. The acquisition and distribution of pharmaceuticals in health-care institutions require good management to capture the opportunities in this area for pharmacy to contribute to fiscally sound health care.