High-affinity monoclonal antibodies specific for the cardiac glycoside digoxin provide a useful system for the study of structure-function relationships between antibody combining site and specific antigenic determinants. Fifteen high-affinity monoclonal anti-digoxin antibodies were produced when spleen cells from A/J mice immunized with digoxin coupled to human serum albumin (Dig-HSA) were fused with the non-secreting murine myeloma Sp2/0 cell line. Each subcloned hybridoma antibody was analyzed for affinity and specificity for structurally related cardiac glycosides by a radioimmunoassay based on the adsorption of free [3H]digoxin to dextran-coated charcoal. All of the anti-digoxin hybridoma proteins demonstrated high affinity constants ranging from 10(9) to 10(12) M-1. Using seven different analogs of digoxin, binding specificities of the monoclonal antibodies were assessed by inhibition radioimmunoassay. The 15 hybridomas produced from fusions involving five mice could be divided into eight sets on the basis of these binding specificities. Certain antibodies exhibit a preference for the aglycone portion of digoxin, while others are more specific for the tridigitoxose sugar moiety of digoxin. Monoclonal antibody H- and L-chains were subjected to N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. The antibodies may be divided into several sequence homology sets for both H- and L-chains. In most instances, homologous heavy chains are associated with a set of homologous light chains. Homologous partial sequences, however, do not correlate with similar antigenic specificities and affinities for digoxin. Thus the fine specificity for antigen is not dependent on VH- and VL-encoded sequences alone. These data illustrate the broad diversity of the elicited response to a single hapten, even in inbred mice.