Biomaterial Database

Acrylamide alters oxidative enzyme activity in rat motoneurons. 1985

D W Sickles, and B D Goldstein

Acrylamide (ACR) produces a central-peripheral distal axonopathy, via an unknown mechanism. We have investigated the effects of ACR on the activity of enzymes responsible for the oxidation of NADH (NADH-tetrazolium reductase activity, NADH-TR) with quantitative histochemical techniques. Chronic (5- or 10-day) injection of ACR (50 mg/kg/day) resulted in a significant decrease in enzyme activity in soleus motoneurons, which normally have high NADH-TR activity. The NADH-TR activity in motoneurons with low oxidative metabolism was not significantly affected. Retrograde labeling of motoneurons with horseradish peroxidase was diminished by the acrylamide treatment. These data demonstrate an acrylamide-induced change in the oxidative metabolism of certain motoneurons; further study will determine whether oxidative metabolism is the primary site of action of ACR in producing the distal axonopathy.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009046	Motor Neurons	Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.	Neurons, Motor,Alpha Motorneurons,Motoneurons,Motor Neurons, Alpha,Neurons, Alpha Motor,Alpha Motor Neuron,Alpha Motor Neurons,Alpha Motorneuron,Motoneuron,Motor Neuron,Motor Neuron, Alpha,Motorneuron, Alpha,Motorneurons, Alpha,Neuron, Alpha Motor,Neuron, Motor
D009246	NADH Tetrazolium Reductase	Catalyzes the reduction of tetrazolium compounds in the presence of NADH.	NAD(P)H Nitroblue Tetrazolium Reductase,NADH2 Tetrazolium Reductase,Reductase, NADH Tetrazolium,Reductase, NADH2 Tetrazolium,Tetrazolium Reductase, NADH,Tetrazolium Reductase, NADH2
D009247	NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases	A group of oxidoreductases that act on NADH or NADPH. In general, enzymes using NADH or NADPH to reduce a substrate are classified according to the reverse reaction, in which NAD+ or NADP+ is formally regarded as an acceptor. This subclass includes only those enzymes in which some other redox carrier is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p100) EC 1.6.	Oxidoreductases, NADH, NADPH,NADPH Oxidoreductases NADH,Oxidoreductases NADH, NADPH
D006651	Histocytochemistry	Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.	Cytochemistry
D006735	Horseradish Peroxidase	An enzyme isolated from horseradish which is able to act as an antigen. It is frequently used as a histochemical tracer for light and electron microscopy. Its antigenicity has permitted its use as a combined antigen and marker in experimental immunology.	Alpha-Peroxidase,Ferrihorseradish Peroxidase,Horseradish Peroxidase II,Horseradish Peroxidase III,Alpha Peroxidase,II, Horseradish Peroxidase,III, Horseradish Peroxidase,Peroxidase II, Horseradish,Peroxidase III, Horseradish,Peroxidase, Ferrihorseradish,Peroxidase, Horseradish
D000178	Acrylamides	Colorless, odorless crystals that are used extensively in research laboratories for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis and in organic synthesis, and polymerization. Some of its polymers are used in sewage and wastewater treatment, permanent press fabrics, and as soil conditioning agents.
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D051381	Rats	The common name for the genus Rattus.	Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus
D020106	Acrylamide	A colorless, odorless, highly water soluble vinyl monomer formed from the hydration of acrylonitrile. It is primarily used in research laboratories for electrophoresis, chromatography, and electron microscopy and in the sewage and wastewater treatment industries.