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The gene for the nonapeptide neurohormone oxytocin is highly expressed in the bovine corpus luteum. Measurements of oxytocin-specific mRNA through the oestrous cycle of non-pregnant cows show that transcription is maximal accompanying ovulation and decreases rapidly thereafter. In contrast, immunohistochemistry shows neurophysin peptide levels to be greatest at mid-cycle. Low levels of oxytocin mRNA are detected in follicles and in the luteolytic half of the cycle. This mRNA is virtually absent in the corpus luteum of pregnant cattle. No cyclicity is evident in hypothalamic oxytocin mRNA levels.
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