Peptic stricture of the esophagus and achalasia both cause dysphagia. They are not always readily distinguished by history. The usual workup with upper gastrointestinal x ray and endoscopy may also fail to differentiate the two disorders. Two cases are presented wherein antireflux procedures were mistakenly performed when achalasia was present rather than peptic stricture. Dysphagia was unrelieved and extensive further procedures were required. In a third patient referred for a peptic stricture, manometry revealed the correct diagnosis and heller myotomy provided relief. It is recommended that manometry be performed as a part of the preoperative workup in patients in whom there is any element of dysphagia.