The purpose of this study is to highlight the occupational risks faced by sign language interpreters and guide-interpreters, summarising the most relevant ergonomic and psychosocial risks they are exposed to. This systematic review of 33 studies and bibliometric analysis aims to explore how relevant research has developed scientifically, providing interpreters, employers, and policymakers with well-founded knowledge on the risks and risk factors inherent to their working conditions, as well as preventive measures and practices to mitigate these risks. The results reveal that repetitive movements, sustained postures, stress, and workplace violence are common risks that can lead to musculoskeletal disorders, burnout, and vicarious trauma. The bibliometric analysis complements the review by identifying research trends and gaps, offering insights into the scientific landscape of this field and guiding future interventions. Overall, this study contributes to the development of strategies and policies to promote safer and healthier work environments for these professionals.