Biomaterial Database

Correlation of 2-PAM plasma levels after organophosphate intoxication. 1985

M D Green, and F Reid, and A Kaminskis

In order to investigate the pathophysiological effects of organophosphorus poisoning on therapeutic compounds, multiples of the LD50 for sarin and soman were injected into guinea pigs after which 2-PAM and atropine sulfate were administered intramuscularly. It was found that intoxication by sarin or soman in therapeutically treated animals resulted in modifications of plasma oxime concentrations. Peak plasma (CPmax) concentrations and areas under the curve (AUC) between 1 to 10 min after the injection of 2-PAM were altered in a systematic fashion which correlated to the multiple of the LD50 (r greater than 0.9498). The effect of the sarin and soman was studied at fractions of the LD50, i.e. 0.7s, 1.5, 2.2, 2.8, 5.6, 11.2. The influence of the organophosphorus poisons on the plasma concentration of 2-PAM is biphasic. Multiples of the LD50 equal to or below 2.2 tend to decrease, whereas multiples equal to or above 2.8 tend to increase CPmax and AUC in different groups of animals. Changes in the plasma concentrations of 2-PAM may result from alterations in blood flow rates and patterns which would alter the distribution and elimination of 2-PAM.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007306	Insecticides	Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.	Insecticide
D008297	Male		Males
D011220	Pralidoxime Compounds	Various salts of a quaternary ammonium oxime that reconstitute inactivated acetylcholinesterase, especially at the neuromuscular junction, and may cause neuromuscular blockade. They are used as antidotes to organophosphorus poisoning as chlorides, iodides, methanesulfonates (mesylates), or other salts.	2-PAM Compounds,Pyridine Aldoxime Methyl Compounds,2 PAM Compounds,Compounds, 2-PAM,Compounds, Pralidoxime
D005260	Female		Females
D006168	Guinea Pigs	A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.	Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012524	Sarin	An organophosphorus ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. It is toxic to the nervous system and is a chemical warfare agent.	Sarin Gas,o-Isopropylmethyl Phosphonofluoridate,ortho-Isopropylmethyl Phosphonofluoridate,Gas, Sarin,Phosphonofluoridate, o-Isopropylmethyl,Phosphonofluoridate, ortho-Isopropylmethyl,o Isopropylmethyl Phosphonofluoridate,ortho Isopropylmethyl Phosphonofluoridate
D012999	Soman	An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.	Pinacolyl Methylphosphonofluoridate,Methylphosphonofluoridate, Pinacolyl