Biomaterial Database

Responses of newborn pig pial arteries to sympathetic nervous stimulation and exogenous norepinephrine. 1985

D W Busija, and C W Leffler, and L C Wagerle

The purpose of this study was to examine responses of pial arteries of newborn pigs to stimulation of sympathetic nerves and to exogenous norepinephrine. In the cerebral circulation, pial arteries are important resistance vessels. Diameters of pial arteries in anesthetized piglets, aged 1-6 days, were determined using the "closed" cranial window method. Electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion (16 Hz; 2.5 msec; 10 V) reduced pial arterial diameter from 219 +/- 13 microns (mean +/- SEM) to 190 +/- 12 micron (n = 16) (p less than 0.05) without affecting arterial blood pressure. Pial arterial constriction during nerve stimulation was sustained over the 5-min stimulation period. Following cessation of stimulation, diameters returned to control levels. Exogenous norepinephrine in artificial cerebrospinal fluid constricted pial arteries from 149 +/- 19 to 133 +/- 18 microns at 2 X 10(-6) M (p less than 0.05) and from 159 +/- 20 to 123 +/- 16 microns at 2 X 10(-4) M (p less than 0.05) (18 arteries from nine piglets). Pial arterial responses to nerve stimulation and exogenous norepinephrine were not dependent on initial size of the vessels. The results of this study establish the existence of functional sympathetic innervation in the cerebral circulation at birth in pigs.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D006973	Hypertension	Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	Blood Pressure, High,Blood Pressures, High,High Blood Pressure,High Blood Pressures
D008297	Male		Males
D009638	Norepinephrine	Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the ADRENAL MEDULLA and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers, and of the diffuse projection system in the brain that arises from the LOCUS CERULEUS. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.	Levarterenol,Levonorepinephrine,Noradrenaline,Arterenol,Levonor,Levophed,Levophed Bitartrate,Noradrenaline Bitartrate,Noradrénaline tartrate renaudin,Norepinephrin d-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine Bitartrate,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride, (+,-)-Isomer,Norepinephrine d-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), (+,-)-Isomer,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), Monohydrate,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), Monohydrate, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:2),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine, (+,-)-Isomer
D010841	Pia Mater	The innermost layer of the three meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. It is the fine vascular membrane that lies under the ARACHNOID and the DURA MATER.	Mater, Pia,Maters, Pia,Pia Maters
D004558	Electric Stimulation	Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.	Stimulation, Electric,Electrical Stimulation,Electric Stimulations,Electrical Stimulations,Stimulation, Electrical,Stimulations, Electric,Stimulations, Electrical
D005260	Female		Females
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000831	Animals, Newborn	Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.	Animals, Neonatal,Animal, Neonatal,Animal, Newborn,Neonatal Animal,Neonatal Animals,Newborn Animal,Newborn Animals
D001158	Arteries	The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.	Artery
D013552	Swine	Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).	Phacochoerus,Pigs,Suidae,Warthogs,Wart Hogs,Hog, Wart,Hogs, Wart,Wart Hog