Biomaterial Database

Effects of purified ginseng saponins on multilamellar liposomes. 1985

B S Yu, and A Kim, and H H Chung, and W Yoshikawa, and H Akutsu, and Y Kyogoku

To elucidate the mode of interaction between purified ginseng saponins and liposomes, the effects of ginseng saponins at concentrations below and above their critical micelle concentration on the osmotic behavior of liposomes were observed. Liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidic acid (PA) and/or cholesterol (Ch) behave as an ideal osmometer and this activity was described by the linear relationship between (1/A450)3/2 and Cin/Cout. Total saponin prepared from the lateral roots of ginseng cultivated in Korea interacted with multilamellar liposomes and prevented them from behaving as an ideal osmometer. 20-S-Protopanaxadiol saponin showed similar activity but 20-s-protopanaxatriol saponin had weak activity. Ginsenoside Rb1 whose genin is 20-S-protopanaxadiol, disturbed osmotic behavior of Ch-free liposomes but not Ch-containing liposomes as monomers and lyzed both liposomes as micelles. Rg1 whose genin is 20-S-protopanaxatriol, showed no activity on liposomes with or without Ch. It can be suggested that ginseng saponins may interact with and destroy liposomal membranes and that structure of sugar moiety is an important factor to their activities. Ch is not a target in this interaction but suppresses the activity of ginseng saponins.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008081	Liposomes	Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.	Niosomes,Transferosomes,Ultradeformable Liposomes,Liposomes, Ultra-deformable,Liposome,Liposome, Ultra-deformable,Liposome, Ultradeformable,Liposomes, Ultra deformable,Liposomes, Ultradeformable,Niosome,Transferosome,Ultra-deformable Liposome,Ultra-deformable Liposomes,Ultradeformable Liposome
D008854	Microscopy, Electron	Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.	Electron Microscopy
D010739	Phospholipase D	An enzyme found mostly in plant tissue. It hydrolyzes glycerophosphatidates with the formation of a phosphatidic acid and a nitrogenous base such as choline. This enzyme also catalyzes transphosphatidylation reactions. EC 3.1.4.4.	Lecithinase D,Phosphatidylcholine Phosphohydrolase
D010944	Plants	Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae. Plants acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. It is a non-taxonomical term most often referring to LAND PLANTS. In broad sense it includes RHODOPHYTA and GLAUCOPHYTA along with VIRIDIPLANTAE.	Plant
D010946	Plants, Medicinal	Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.	Herbs, Medicinal,Medicinal Herbs,Healing Plants,Medicinal Plants,Pharmaceutical Plants,Healing Plant,Herb, Medicinal,Medicinal Herb,Medicinal Plant,Pharmaceutical Plant,Plant, Healing,Plant, Medicinal,Plant, Pharmaceutical,Plants, Healing,Plants, Pharmaceutical
D001937	Brassica	A plant genus of the family Cruciferae. It contains many species and cultivars used as food including cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, kale, collard greens, MUSTARD PLANT; (B. alba, B. junica, and B. nigra), turnips (BRASSICA NAPUS) and rapeseed (BRASSICA RAPA).	Broccoli,Brussel Sprout,Cabbage,Cauliflower,Collard Green,Kale,Cabbages,Collard Greens
D002784	Cholesterol	The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.	Epicholesterol
D002851	Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid	Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.	Chromatography, High Performance Liquid,Chromatography, High Speed Liquid,Chromatography, Liquid, High Pressure,HPLC,High Performance Liquid Chromatography,High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,UPLC,Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography,Chromatography, High-Performance Liquid,High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies,Liquid Chromatography, High-Performance
D005894	Panax	An araliaceous genus of plants that contains a number of pharmacologically active agents used as stimulants, sedatives, and tonics, especially in traditional medicine. Sometimes confused with Siberian ginseng (ELEUTHEROCOCCUS).	Ginseng,Korean Ginseng,Korean Red Ginseng,Panax ginseng,Jen Shen,Ninjin,Renshen,Schinseng,Shinseng,Ginseng, Korean,Ginseng, Korean Red,Ginsengs,Jen Shens,Korean Ginsengs,Korean Red Ginsengs,Ninjins,Red Ginseng, Korean,Renshens,Schinsengs,Shen, Jen,Shinsengs
D012503	Saponins	A type of glycoside widely distributed in plants. Each consists of a sapogenin as the aglycone moiety, and a sugar. The sapogenin may be a steroid or a triterpene and the sugar may be glucose, galactose, a pentose, or a methylpentose.	Saponin