Water-deprived female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in a conditioned suppression of drinking paradigm. Experiment 1 assessed the effects of prior experience with ethanol on the initial treatment deficit of diazepam (1A) and the influence of prior experience with diazepam on the initial treatment effects of ethanol (1B). In Experiment 1A, half the animals received three daily doses of ethanol, while the other half received vehicle for 3 days. All rats then received vehicle followed by 3 days of ethanol treatment. No significant effect of prior experience with ethanol was observed on the diazepam initial treatment deficit. In Experiment 1B, half the animals received vehicle followed by three daily doses of diazepam, while the other half received vehicle. All subjects then received vehicle followed by 3 days of ethanol treatment. No significant effect of prior experience with diazepam was noted on ethanol's initial treatment effects. Experiment 2 assessed the effects of diazepam (0, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg) and ethanol (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg) alone and in combination in the conflict test. Diazepam, administered alone, resulted in an antipunishment effect. Ethanol alone did not produce an antipunishment effect. The combination of the two drugs generally decreased both punished and unpunished responding. Further, the CNS depressant effects of these drugs appear to be additive. The qualitative effects of these two drugs are different enough to disallow generalization to each other in a conflict test.