Biomaterial Database

[Left ventricular relaxation property evaluated by isovolumic relaxation flow]. 1985

N Kuroiwa, and K Nakamura, and J Sanada, and T Ohshige, and S Hashimoto

The blood flow recorded in the center of the left ventricle (LV) during the isovolumic relaxation period, i.e., isovolumic relaxation flow (IRF), was evaluated by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The subjects consisted of 17 normal persons, 12 patients with angina pectoris (AP), 63 with old myocardial infarction (OMI), 16 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and 16 with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In the normal subjects, the IRF showed a laminar flow and it was directed from the center of the LV toward the apex. The maximum velocity of the IRF coincided with the second heart sound. In the patients with heart diseases, the IRF was classified into three patterns. Type A, in which the IRF was directed toward the apex of the LV: This pattern was observed in two different patient groups from the standpoint of LV wall motion and LV ejection fraction (LVEF). One group had either a normal LVEF without wall motion abnormalities or normal LVEF with a small area of abnormal wall motion in the anterior and/or apical portions. The other group had various LVEF with abnormalities of wall motion in the posterior and/or inferior portions. The duration of the IRF in type A was prolonged in AP (142 +/- 35 msec), OMI (152 +/- 14 msec), HCM (166 +/- 33 msec) and DCM (171 msec) when compared with those of the normal subjects (119 +/- 35 msec). The acceleration time (time interval from the beginning of the IRF to the point of the maximum flow velocity) in the normal subjects was 25 +/- 8 msec, but they were prolonged in AP (37 +/- 12 msec), OMI (59 +/- 22 msec), HCM (64 +/- 18 msec) and DCM (58 msec). The acceleration rate (increment of the flow velocities per sec) was significantly decreased in AP (8.9 +/- 3.2 m/sec2), OMI (4.5 +/- 2.7 m/sec2), HCM (4.5 +/- 1.1 m/sec2) and DCM (3.7 m/sec2) when compared with those of the normal subjects (12.6 +/- 4.0 m/sec2). Type B, in which the IRF was directed away from the LV center to the base of the LV: The patients with this type had slightly depressed LVEF with moderately extended abnormalities of wall motion in the anterior and/or apical portions. Type C without discernible IRF: The patients with this type had severely depressed LVEF with generalized abnormalities of wall motion. It was concluded that the patterns of the IRF are affected by regional wall motion and the IRF seems to be caused by LV relaxation.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009200	Myocardial Contraction	Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.	Heart Contractility,Inotropism, Cardiac,Cardiac Inotropism,Cardiac Inotropisms,Contractilities, Heart,Contractility, Heart,Contraction, Myocardial,Contractions, Myocardial,Heart Contractilities,Inotropisms, Cardiac,Myocardial Contractions
D009203	Myocardial Infarction	NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	Cardiovascular Stroke,Heart Attack,Myocardial Infarct,Cardiovascular Strokes,Heart Attacks,Infarct, Myocardial,Infarction, Myocardial,Infarctions, Myocardial,Infarcts, Myocardial,Myocardial Infarctions,Myocardial Infarcts,Stroke, Cardiovascular,Strokes, Cardiovascular
D002311	Cardiomyopathy, Dilated	A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	Cardiomyopathy, Congestive,Congestive Cardiomyopathy,Dilated Cardiomyopathy,Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, 1a,Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, Autosomal Recessive,Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, CMD1A,Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, LMNA,Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, With Conduction Defect 1,Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, with Conduction Deffect1,Cardiomyopathy, Familial Idiopathic,Cardiomyopathy, Idiopathic Dilated,Cardiomyopathies, Congestive,Cardiomyopathies, Dilated,Cardiomyopathies, Familial Idiopathic,Cardiomyopathies, Idiopathic Dilated,Congestive Cardiomyopathies,Dilated Cardiomyopathies,Dilated Cardiomyopathies, Idiopathic,Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Idiopathic,Familial Idiopathic Cardiomyopathies,Familial Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy,Idiopathic Cardiomyopathies, Familial,Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy, Familial,Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathies,Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
D002312	Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic	A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).	Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive,Cardiomyopathies, Hypertrophic,Cardiomyopathies, Hypertrophic Obstructive,Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies,Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy,Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathies,Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy,Obstructive Cardiomyopathies, Hypertrophic,Obstructive Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic
D004452	Echocardiography	Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic.	Echocardiography, Contrast,Echocardiography, Cross-Sectional,Echocardiography, M-Mode,Echocardiography, Transthoracic,Echocardiography, Two-Dimensional,Transthoracic Echocardiography,2-D Echocardiography,2D Echocardiography,Contrast Echocardiography,Cross-Sectional Echocardiography,Echocardiography, 2-D,Echocardiography, 2D,M-Mode Echocardiography,Two-Dimensional Echocardiography,2 D Echocardiography,Cross Sectional Echocardiography,Echocardiography, 2 D,Echocardiography, Cross Sectional,Echocardiography, M Mode,Echocardiography, Two Dimensional,M Mode Echocardiography,Two Dimensional Echocardiography
D006331	Heart Diseases	Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	Cardiac Disorders,Heart Disorders,Cardiac Diseases,Cardiac Disease,Cardiac Disorder,Heart Disease,Heart Disorder
D006352	Heart Ventricles	The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.	Cardiac Ventricle,Cardiac Ventricles,Heart Ventricle,Left Ventricle,Right Ventricle,Left Ventricles,Right Ventricles,Ventricle, Cardiac,Ventricle, Heart,Ventricle, Left,Ventricle, Right,Ventricles, Cardiac,Ventricles, Heart,Ventricles, Left,Ventricles, Right
D006439	Hemodynamics	The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.	Hemodynamic
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000787	Angina Pectoris	The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	Angor Pectoris,Stenocardia,Stenocardias