Biomaterial Database

Pharmacokinetics of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim association in hens. 1985

J Queralt, and I Castells

A pharmacokinetic study of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) was carried out on Warren hens after intravenous (iv) dosage of 4:1, and oral administration of dosages of 5:1, and 2.5:1. The SMZ and TMP half-lives were 8.2 and 2.4 hr, respectively. The ratio between SMZ and TMP serum levels (S/T ratio), after iv administration of the 4:1 dosage, was approximately 20 and remained constant for only 1 hr, while after 5:1 and 2.5:1 oral dosages, the S/T ratio was 40 and 20, respectively, and remained invariable for 12 hr. The oral bioavailability of SMZ and TMP was .46 and .36, respectively. The apparently slower elimination of TMP from serum following oral administration should provide an extended duration of the synergistic antibacterial effect when this route of administration is employed. Finally, the 2.5:1 combination, after oral administration, resulted in an appropriate synergistic ratio (S/T ratio = 20:1) of the drugs in the serum.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D002645	Chickens	Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.	Gallus gallus,Gallus domesticus,Gallus gallus domesticus,Chicken
D004338	Drug Combinations	Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.	Drug Combination,Combination, Drug,Combinations, Drug
D005260	Female		Females
D006207	Half-Life	The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.	Halflife,Half Life,Half-Lifes,Halflifes
D000284	Administration, Oral	The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.	Drug Administration, Oral,Administration, Oral Drug,Oral Administration,Oral Drug Administration,Administrations, Oral,Administrations, Oral Drug,Drug Administrations, Oral,Oral Administrations,Oral Drug Administrations
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013420	Sulfamethoxazole	A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208)	Sulfamethylisoxazole,Gantanol,Sulfisomezole,Sulphamethoxazole
D014295	Trimethoprim	A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.	Proloprim,Trimpex