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Isolation and chemical composition of the cytoplasmic membrane of a gram-negative bacterium. 1971

E L Martin, and R A MacLeod

With procedures developed previously in this laboratory, the various layers of the cell wall of a gram-negative bacterium, a marine pseudomonad (ATCC 19855), were removed completely giving rise to true protoplasts. Membranes were isolated from the protoplasts formed. After treatment with ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, and washing, the membranes isolated were shown by electron microscopy and chemical analysis to be essentially free from both wall material and cytoplasmic constituents. The membranes gave rise to a single compact band in a sucrose density gradient. All of the lipid and protein were found to be associated in the membrane band. Analysis showed the membranes to contain 30.5% lipid (78% of which was phospholipid), 62.8% protein, and 2% carbohydrate. The predominant phospholipid present was phosphatidylethanolamine with a lesser amount of diphosphatidylglycerol and traces of unidentified compounds.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008055 Lipids A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Lipid
D008854 Microscopy, Electron Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen. Electron Microscopy
D009113 Muramidase A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17. Lysozyme,Leftose,N-Acetylmuramide Glycanhydrolase,Glycanhydrolase, N-Acetylmuramide,N Acetylmuramide Glycanhydrolase
D009696 Nucleic Acids High molecular weight polymers containing a mixture of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides chained together by ribose or deoxyribose linkages. Nucleic Acid,Acid, Nucleic,Acids, Nucleic
D009829 Oleic Acids A group of fatty acids that contain 18 carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon. Octadecenoic Acids,Acids, Octadecenoic,Acids, Oleic
D010743 Phospholipids Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system. Phosphatides,Phospholipid
D011523 Protoplasts The protoplasm and plasma membrane of plant, fungal, bacterial or archaeon cells without the CELL WALL. Protoplast
D011549 Pseudomonas A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants. Chryseomonas,Pseudomona,Flavimonas
D002241 Carbohydrates A class of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n. The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrate
D002247 Carbon Isotopes Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope. Carbon Isotope,Isotope, Carbon,Isotopes, Carbon

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