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The infection cycle of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in mouse peritoneal mesothelial cells, observed late in the course of an established infection, intimately involved the host cell plasma membrane. Organisms multiplied in the cytoplasm, moved to the cell periphery, and acquired a host-membrane coat as they budded from the cell surface. Rickettsiae enveloped by this membrane entered other mesothelial cells, apparently by a phagocytic mechanism. Organisms escaped from the phagocytic vacuole as the vacuole membrane and host membrane coat disintegrated. Free rickettsiae replicated by binary fission in the cell cytoplasm. Rickettsial infection of mesothelial cells induced conspicuous cellular hypertrophy with increased numbers of unaltered cytoplasmic organelles.
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