Of 293 women in an alcoholic treatment center, two-thirds have received prescriptions for drugs of potential abuse, usually hypnotic and antianxiety drugs. One-third of the women admitted abusing substances; 80% of these subjects got prescriptions for potential drugs of abuse while actively abusing. These figures are alarming in light of the lack of evidence that antianxiety drugs, hypnotics, and stimulants are effective in treating alcoholics and drug abusers. Drug-misusing women in this sample reported more suicide attempts and early antisocial problems and had received more psychiatric care than nonabusers. The authors urge that hypnotics, antianxiety drugs, and stimulants almost never be prescribed to outpatient alcoholics and that analgesics be prescribed only with great care.