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Release of pituitary growth hormone by prostaglandins and dibutyryl adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate in the absence of protein synthesis. 1970

R M MacLeod, and J E Lehmeyer

Effects of prostaglandins on the incorporation of [4,5-(3)H]leucine into growth hormone and its subsequent release into the incubation medium were studied. Incubation of rat anterior pituitary glands with 10(-6) M prostaglandin PGE(1) in tissue culture medium 199 for 7 hr caused a 40-300% increase in the release of labeled growth hormone into the incubation medium. PGE(1) at 10(-8) M increased growth hormone synthesis but not release. At 10(-6) M, PGE(2) had effects similar to PGE(1); PGA(1) increased growth hormone synthesis but not release. PGF(2alpha) was without effect on either synthesis or release of growth hormone.Prolactin synthesis and release were not affected by prostaglandins. All of the prostaglandins, at 10(-4) M, increased adenyl cyclase activity in the pituitary gland but phosphodiesterase activity was unaltered. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP, with or without caffeine, caused an up to 300% increase in labeled growth hormone release. No consistent effect of prolactin was observed. If potassium concentration was increased 10-fold, a 215% increase in growth hormone release was observed. A combination of hypertonic potassium and 10(-6) M PGE(1) increased growth hormone release 325%, suggesting that potassium and prostaglandins act by independent mechanisms. Addition of theophylline to pituitary gland, incubated in vitro, increased both the synthesis and release of growth hormone. Although fluoride greatly stimulated growth hormone release, it completely inhibited the incorporation of leucine into the hormone. Similarly, puromycin inhibited synthesis of growth hormone but did not block release induced by prostaglandin, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, theophylline, or fluoride. Prostaglandins increase pituitary adenyl cyclase activity and, presumably via cyclic AMP, increase growth hormone release, independently of protein synthesis.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007930 Leucine An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation. L-Leucine,Leucine, L-Isomer,L-Isomer Leucine,Leucine, L Isomer
D008297 Male Males
D010902 Pituitary Gland A small, unpaired gland situated in the SELLA TURCICA. It is connected to the HYPOTHALAMUS by a short stalk which is called the INFUNDIBULUM. Hypophysis,Hypothalamus, Infundibular,Infundibular Stalk,Infundibular Stem,Infundibulum (Hypophysis),Infundibulum, Hypophyseal,Pituitary Stalk,Hypophyseal Infundibulum,Hypophyseal Stalk,Hypophysis Cerebri,Infundibulum,Cerebri, Hypophysis,Cerebrus, Hypophysis,Gland, Pituitary,Glands, Pituitary,Hypophyseal Stalks,Hypophyses,Hypophysis Cerebrus,Infundibular Hypothalamus,Infundibular Stalks,Infundibulums,Pituitary Glands,Pituitary Stalks,Stalk, Hypophyseal,Stalk, Infundibular,Stalks, Hypophyseal,Stalks, Infundibular
D010906 Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones Peptides, natural or synthetic, that stimulate the release of PITUITARY HORMONES. They were first isolated from the extracts of the HYPOTHALAMUS; MEDIAN EMINENCE; PITUITARY STALK; and NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. In addition, some hypophysiotropic hormones control pituitary cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and hormone synthesis. Some can act on more than one pituitary hormone. Hormones, Pituitary Hormone Releasing,Hypophysiotropic Hormones,Hypothalamic Hypophysiotropic Hormone,Hypothalamic Releasing Factor,Hypothalamic Releasing Hormone,Hypothalamic Releasing Hormones,Hormone, Hypothalamic Hypophysiotropic,Hormones, Hypophysiotropic,Hypophysiotropic Hormone, Hypothalamic,Pituitary Hormone Releasing Hormones,Releasing Hormone, Hypothalamic
D011453 Prostaglandins A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes. Prostaglandin,Prostanoid,Prostanoids
D005260 Female Females
D000227 Adenine Nucleotides Adenine Nucleotide,Adenosine Phosphate,Adenosine Phosphates,Nucleotide, Adenine,Nucleotides, Adenine,Phosphate, Adenosine,Phosphates, Adenosine
D000242 Cyclic AMP An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH. Adenosine Cyclic 3',5'-Monophosphate,Adenosine Cyclic 3,5 Monophosphate,Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate,Adenosine Cyclic-3',5'-Monophosphate,Cyclic AMP, (R)-Isomer,Cyclic AMP, Disodium Salt,Cyclic AMP, Monoammonium Salt,Cyclic AMP, Monopotassium Salt,Cyclic AMP, Monosodium Salt,Cyclic AMP, Sodium Salt,3',5'-Monophosphate, Adenosine Cyclic,AMP, Cyclic,Adenosine Cyclic 3',5' Monophosphate,Cyclic 3',5'-Monophosphate, Adenosine,Cyclic Monophosphate, Adenosine,Cyclic-3',5'-Monophosphate, Adenosine,Monophosphate, Adenosine Cyclic
D000262 Adenylyl Cyclases Enzymes of the lyase class that catalyze the formation of CYCLIC AMP and pyrophosphate from ATP. Adenyl Cyclase,Adenylate Cyclase,3',5'-cyclic AMP Synthetase,Adenylyl Cyclase,3',5' cyclic AMP Synthetase,AMP Synthetase, 3',5'-cyclic,Cyclase, Adenyl,Cyclase, Adenylate,Cyclase, Adenylyl,Cyclases, Adenylyl,Synthetase, 3',5'-cyclic AMP
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia

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