Noradrenaline release from isolated muscles of the nictitating membrane of the cat. 1971

S Z Langer, and M Vogt

1. When the splanchnic nerves were stimulated in the cat for periods of up to 2 hr, the amount of adrenaline taken up by the nictitating membrane was very small; the highest figure was 0.37 mug/g, corrected for losses.2. The noradrenaline (NA) stores of the isolated medial muscle of the nictitating membrane were labelled with [(3)H]NA, and field stimulation of single muscles was carried out in a small organ bath. A stimulation period of 5 min with supramaximal shocks delivered at a frequency of 25/sec produced a mean release of NA into the bath fluid of 0.46 +/- 0.13 mug/g (uncorrected). Phenoxybenzamine, 10 mug/ml., increased this figure by a factor of 2-3.6. When corrections were made for the amount of transmitter metabolized before it could be collected, 47% of the tissue content of NA were shown to be released during the 5 min stimulation of the normal membrane, and about 55% in the presence of phenoxybenzamine. Prolonged stimulation of a phenoxybenzamine-treated membrane was apt to lead to loss of tissue stores of NA.3. Calculation of the degree of labelling of the NA in the tissue, and of NA released by stimulation, indicated that about 21% of endogenous NA had been replaced by labelled compound both in the tissue and in the overflow.4. Transmitter release per pulse was estimated by applying 720-1330 shocks at frequencies of 4 or 6/sec to membranes exposed to phenoxybenzamine. Mean release of NA per shock and per g tissue was 1.3 ng (corrected for losses). This represents 3.5 x 10(-4) of the tissue content determined at the end of the experiment.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009130 Muscle, Smooth Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed) Muscle, Involuntary,Smooth Muscle,Involuntary Muscle,Involuntary Muscles,Muscles, Involuntary,Muscles, Smooth,Smooth Muscles
D009435 Synaptic Transmission The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Neural Transmission,Neurotransmission,Transmission, Neural,Transmission, Synaptic
D009541 Nictitating Membrane A fold of the mucous membrane of the CONJUNCTIVA in many animals. At rest, it is hidden in the medial canthus. It can extend to cover part or all of the cornea to help clean the CORNEA. Third Eyelid,Eyelid, Third,Eyelids, Third,Membrane, Nictitating,Membranes, Nictitating,Nictitating Membranes,Third Eyelids
D009638 Norepinephrine Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the ADRENAL MEDULLA and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers, and of the diffuse projection system in the brain that arises from the LOCUS CERULEUS. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic. Levarterenol,Levonorepinephrine,Noradrenaline,Arterenol,Levonor,Levophed,Levophed Bitartrate,Noradrenaline Bitartrate,Noradrénaline tartrate renaudin,Norepinephrin d-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine Bitartrate,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride, (+,-)-Isomer,Norepinephrine d-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), (+,-)-Isomer,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), Monohydrate,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), Monohydrate, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:2),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine, (+,-)-Isomer
D010643 Phenoxybenzamine An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator. Dibenylene,Dibenyline,Dibenziran,Dibenzylin,Dibenzyline,Dibenzyran,Phenoxybenzamine Hydrochloride,Hydrochloride, Phenoxybenzamine
D002415 Cats The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801) Felis catus,Felis domesticus,Domestic Cats,Felis domestica,Felis sylvestris catus,Cat,Cat, Domestic,Cats, Domestic,Domestic Cat
D004558 Electric Stimulation Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses. Stimulation, Electric,Electrical Stimulation,Electric Stimulations,Electrical Stimulations,Stimulation, Electrical,Stimulations, Electric,Stimulations, Electrical
D004837 Epinephrine The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS. Adrenaline,4-(1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,2-benzenediol,Adrenaline Acid Tartrate,Adrenaline Bitartrate,Adrenaline Hydrochloride,Epifrin,Epinephrine Acetate,Epinephrine Bitartrate,Epinephrine Hydrochloride,Epinephrine Hydrogen Tartrate,Epitrate,Lyophrin,Medihaler-Epi,Acetate, Epinephrine
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013153 Splanchnic Nerves The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses. The lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia. Nerve, Splanchnic,Nerves, Splanchnic,Splanchnic Nerve

Related Publications

S Z Langer, and M Vogt
April 1973, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology,
S Z Langer, and M Vogt
October 1979, European journal of pharmacology,
S Z Langer, and M Vogt
March 1975, British journal of pharmacology,
S Z Langer, and M Vogt
January 1975, Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology,
Copied contents to your clipboard!