Biomaterial Database

Atropine resistant excitation of the urinary bladder: the possibility of transmission via nerves releasing a purine nucleotide. 1972

G Burnstock, and B Dumsday, and A Smythe

1. The possibility that a purine nucleotide is involved in excitatory transmission to the urinary bladder has been tested. All the purine compounds tested which contained a pyrophosphate bond produced contraction, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) being the most potent. Adenosine and adenosine monophosphate caused relaxation.2. The response to ATP closely mimicked the nerve-mediated contraction, both being characterized by a rapid contraction which was not maintained. A lack of sensitivity to ATP was noted in some preparations of the rat urinary bladder.3. Both nerve-mediated contractions and contractions caused by ATP were blocked by quinidine, while the response to acetylcholine persisted.4. Nerve-mediated responses were depressed during tachyphylaxis produced by high concentrations of ATP. Tachyphylaxis did not occur when low concentrations were used. Possible explanations for these results are discussed.5. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that non-cholinergic excitatory nerves to the guinea-pig bladder release a purine nucleotide, but do not provide critical evidence for it.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009119	Muscle Contraction	A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	Inotropism,Muscular Contraction,Contraction, Muscle,Contraction, Muscular,Contractions, Muscle,Contractions, Muscular,Inotropisms,Muscle Contractions,Muscular Contractions
D009130	Muscle, Smooth	Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	Muscle, Involuntary,Smooth Muscle,Involuntary Muscle,Involuntary Muscles,Muscles, Involuntary,Muscles, Smooth,Smooth Muscles
D009435	Synaptic Transmission	The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.	Neural Transmission,Neurotransmission,Transmission, Neural,Transmission, Synaptic
D009711	Nucleotides	The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)	Nucleotide
D010710	Phosphates	Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.	Inorganic Phosphate,Phosphates, Inorganic,Inorganic Phosphates,Orthophosphate,Phosphate,Phosphate, Inorganic
D011685	Purine Nucleotides	Purines attached to a RIBOSE and a phosphate that can polymerize to form DNA and RNA.	Nucleotides, Purine
D011802	Quinidine	An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.	Adaquin,Apo-Quinidine,Chinidin,Quincardine,Quinidex,Quinidine Sulfate,Quinora,Apo Quinidine,Sulfate, Quinidine
D001743	Urinary Bladder	A musculomembranous sac along the URINARY TRACT. URINE flows from the KIDNEYS into the bladder via the ureters (URETER), and is held there until URINATION.	Bladder,Bladder Detrusor Muscle,Detrusor Urinae,Bladder Detrusor Muscles,Bladder, Urinary,Detrusor Muscle, Bladder,Detrusor Muscles, Bladder
D006168	Guinea Pigs	A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.	Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D000241	Adenosine	A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.	Adenocard,Adenoscan